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Crystallography Reports

Quantum Optics of Mössbauer Radiation

V. L. Nosik

Published Dec 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The increase in the brightness of modern synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers have made it possible to observe nonlinear and quantum-optical phenomena for X rays. The peak intensity after focusing with application of bent crystals is as high as 1020 W/cm2 for modern sources and exceeds that characteristic of intraatomic fields. X-ray detectors with close-to-unity quantum efficiency and resolution in number of photons have become available. This provided prerequisites for studying fundamental concepts of quantum optics in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

DOI
10.1134/s1063774522060190

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Abstract The increase in the brightness of modern synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers have made it possible to observe nonlinear and quantum-optical phenomena for X rays. The peak intensity after focusing with application of bent crystals is as high as 1020 W/cm2 for modern sources and exceeds that characteristic of intraatomic fields. X-ray detectors with close-to-unity quantum efficiency and resolution in number of photons have become available. This provided prerequisites for studying fundamental concepts of quantum optics in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
This thesis describes quantum optical experiments with x-rays with the aim of reaching the strong-coupling regime of light and matter. We make use of the interaction which arisesbetween resonant matter and x-rays in specially designed thin-film nanostructures which form x-ray cavities. Here, the resonant matter are Tantalum atoms and the Iron isotope 57^{57}57Fe. Both limit the number of modes available to the resonant atoms for interaction, and enhances the interaction strength. Thus we have managed to observe a number of phenomena well-known in quantum optics, which are the building blocks for sophisticated applications in e.g. metrology. Among these are the strong coupling of light and matter and the concurrent exchange of virtual photons, often called Rabi oscillations. Furthermore we have designed and tested a type of cavity hitherto unused in x-ray optics. Finally, we develop a new method for synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which not only promises to yield high-resolution spectra, but also enables the retrieval of the phase of the scattered light. The results open new avenues for quantum optical experiments with x-rays, particularly with regards to the ongoing development of high-brilliance x-ray free-electron lasers.
Summary form only given. Recently, it was predicted that laser radiation can be used to manipulate very efficiently nuclear transitions at gamma-ray energies in solids. It results in both drastic qualitative and strong qualitative modifications of the Mossbauer spectra under the action of coherent optical radiation. The solid sample represents a host matrix where high densities of the ions are embedded by doping. The ions should possess both Mossbauer gamma-ray and optical electronic transitions favorable for the desired effects to be observed. Basically one needs Mossbauer-active ions with strong and sharp optical lines. The latter condition is typically satisfied for rare-earth and transition-metal ions in crystalline hosts and, remarkably, the majority of them are also Mossbauer-active.
Summary form only given. Recently, it was predicted that laser radiation can be used to manipulate very efficiently nuclear transitions at gamma-ray energies in solids. It results in both drastic qualitative and strong qualitative modifications of the Mossbauer spectra under the action of coherent optical radiation. The solid sample represents a host matrix where high densities of the ions are embedded by doping. The ions should possess both Mossbauer gamma-ray and optical electronic transitions favorable for the desired effects to be observed. Basically one needs Mossbauer-active ions with strong and sharp optical lines. The latter condition is typically satisfied for rare-earth and transition-metal ions in crystalline hosts and, remarkably, the majority of them are also Mossbauer-active.
The techniques of quantum electronics allow interesting new ways to generate and explore most of the acoustic spectrum and much of the electromagnetic domain. We can look forward to another decade of rapid development in this field From the time when man first saw the sunlight until very recently, the light which he has used has come predominantly from spontaneous emission, like the random emission of incandescent sources. So have most other types of electromagnetic radiation — infrared, ultraviolet, or gamma rays. The maximum radiation intensities, or specifically the power radiated per unit area per unit solid angle per unit frequency bandwidth, have been controlled by Planck's black-body law for radiation from hot objects. This sets an upper limit on radiation intensity — a limit which increases with increasing temperature, but we have had available temperatures of only a few tens of thousands or possibly a few millions of degrees.