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Quantum coherence phenomena in X-ray optics

Petr M. Anisimov

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The effects of quantum coherence in X-ray optics at nuclear transitions are\ninvestigated from a theoretical point of view. First, we introduce the general concept\nof the decaying dressed states and present a classification of the quantum coherence\neffects in a three-level coherently driven system. Second, we show that the interference\neffects may appear in X-ray radiation at the nuclear transitions under the condition of\nthe nuclear level anti-crossing. This effects are similar to electromagnetically induced\ntransparency, which has been widely studied earlier at the electronic transitions in\noptics. We also suggest a new technique for inhomogeneous line narrowing at nuclear\ntransitions. This technique is based on the combined action of RF and DC fields\nand adopted to be applied in the M¨ossbauer spectroscopy. Numerical simulation of a\nsimple model with the dipole-dipole interaction is presented in order to demonstrate\nthe efficiency of the technique. Finally, we study the possibility to suppress the nuclear\nelastic forward scattering in the synchrotron experiments using trains of pulses. A\nnumerical model is developed to confirm this possibility and the main issue of relative\nphases of consecutive pulses is discussed.

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arXiv:1010.5134•Physical Review B•Apr 4, 2011•10 citations
The effects of quantum coherence in X-ray optics at nuclear transitions are\ninvestigated from a theoretical point of view. First, we introduce the general concept\nof the decaying dressed states and present a classification of the quantum coherence\neffects in a three-level coherently driven system. Second, we show that the interference\neffects may appear in X-ray radiation at the nuclear transitions under the condition of\nthe nuclear level anti-crossing. This effects are similar to electromagnetically induced\ntransparency, which has been widely studied earlier at the electronic transitions in\noptics. We also suggest a new technique for inhomogeneous line narrowing at nuclear\ntransitions. This technique is based on the combined action of RF and DC fields\nand adopted to be applied in the M¨ossbauer spectroscopy. Numerical simulation of a\nsimple model with the dipole-dipole interaction is presented in order to demonstrate\nthe efficiency of the technique. Finally, we study the possibility to suppress the nuclear\nelastic forward scattering in the synchrotron experiments using trains of pulses. A\nnumerical model is developed to confirm this possibility and the main issue of relative\nphases of consecutive pulses is discussed.
The project is focused on theoretical and experimental studies of the quantum coherence effects at the atomic and nuclear transitions in solids. The main results are the following. 1. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and all-optical writing and probing of quantum coherence in room temperature solids are demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 2. The method for coherent suppression of excited state absorption in laser crystals is suggested. It opens the prospects for realization of the variety tunable solid state lasers including UV and VUV ranges. 3. High-efficient THz generation by means of resonant three-level mixing based on EIT in solids is predicted. 4. EIT in gamma-ray range of frequencies at the nuclear transitions via the nuclear level crossing is demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 5. Slowing of the gamma-ray photons due to the absorption line doublet is demonstrated in the first time. 6. Modifications of the Mossbauer absorption spectra under the action of laser radiation demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 7. The method for suppression of the inhomogeneous line broadening of the Mossbauer spectra is suggested.
In this work, interference and coherence phenomena, appearing in atomic and\nmolecular ensembles interacting with coherent light sources, as electromagnetically\ninduced transparency (EIT), coherent population trapping (CPT), and slow group\nvelocity of light are investigated. The goal of the project is to make the steps towards\nvarious applications of these phenomena, first, by studying them in solid media (which\nare the most advantageous for applications), second, by suggesting some novel applications\nsuch as CPT-based plasma diagnostics, and realization of new types of\nsolid-state lasers (based on suppression of excited-state absorption via EIT). The\nthird goal of the project is extension of coherence and interference effects well-known\nin optics to the gamma-ray range of frequencies and, correspondingly, from atomic to\nnuclear transitions. A particular technique of chirped pulse compression applied to\nM??ossbauer transitions is considered and the possibility of compression of M??ossbauer\nradiation into ultrashort gamma-ray pulses is analyzed.\nThe theoretical treatment of the interference and coherence effects is based on\nthe semiclassical description of atom-light interaction, which is sufficient for correct\nanalysis of the phenomena considered here. Coherent media are considered in two-,\nthree-, and four-level approximations while their interaction with light is studied both\nanalytically and numerically using the Maxwell-Bloch set of equations.
The direct interaction between nuclei and strong electromagnetic fields generated by novel coherent x-ray light sources such as the x-ray free electron laser is studied. We investigate the case of various stable or long-lived isotopes with energetically low-lying excited states, where the laser drives the nuclear transition from the ground to the first excited state. We therefore consider the nucleus as a two-level system including the corresponding hyperfine levels in our theoretical description. The performance of present and upcoming x-ray free electron laser facilities in coherently controlling the nuclear excited state population is analyzed for setups involving both solid state as well as accelerated nuclear targets to bridge the gap between photon and transition frequency. Current and predicted laser parameters are applied to calculate excited state populations and signal photon rates of nuclei after a radiation pulse, finding significant improvements compared to former calculations. Furthermore, we determine the parameters necessary to transfer substantial amounts of the nuclear ground state population to the excited state, and therefore to bring nuclear Rabi-oscillation within reach. Additionally, we take into account for the first time collective effects that take place in solid state targets and show that they may provide a significant effect in broadening natural linewidths of nuclear levels depending on the experimental setup. Our findings support the case of nuclear quantum optics for XFEL applications. Therefore, one hopes that eventually coherent control of nuclear transitions can be successfully applied in a number of areas in nuclear physics including preparation, control and detection methods.
Means to coherently control single x-ray photons in resonant scattering of light off nuclei by electric or magnetic fields are investigated theoretically. In order to derive the time response in nuclear forward scattering, we adapt the Maxwell–Bloch equations known from quantum optics to describe the resonant light pulse propagation through a nuclear medium. Two types of time-dependent perturbations of nuclear forward scattering are considered for coherent control of the resonantly scattered x-ray quanta. Firstly, the simultaneous coherent propagation of two pulses through the nuclear sample is addressed. We find that the signal of a weak pulse can be enhanced or suppressed by a stronger pulse simultaneously propagating through the sample in counter-propagating geometry. Secondly, the effect of a time-dependent hyperfine splitting is investigated and we put forward a scheme that allows parts of the spectrum to be shifted forward in time. This is the inverse effect of coherent photon storage and may become a valuable technique if single x-ray photon wavepackets are to become the information carriers in future photonic circuits.
Coherent control of nuclear pumping in a three-level system driven by x-ray light is investigated. In single nuclei the pumping performance is determined by the branching ratio of the excited state populated by the x-ray pulse. Our results are based on the observation that in ensembles of nuclei, cooperative excitation and decay leads to a greatly modified nuclear dynamics which we characterize by a time-dependent cooperative branching ratio. We discuss prospects of steering the x-ray pumping by coherently controlling the cooperative decay. First, we study an ideal case with purely superradiant decay and perfect control of the cooperative emission. A numerical analysis of x-ray pumping in nuclear forward scattering with coherent control of the cooperative decay via externally applied magnetic fields is presented. Next, we provide an extended survey of nuclei suitable for our scheme, and propose proof-of-principle implementations already possible with typical M\"ossbauer nuclei such as 57Fe^{57}\mathrm{Fe}57Fe. Finally, we discuss the application of such control techniques to the population or depletion of long-lived nuclear states.