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Оптика и спектроскопия

Особенности возбуждения частицы в одноуровневой квантовой яме предельно коротким аттосекундным импульсом

Р. М. Архипов, М.В. Архипов, П.А. Белов, А.В. Пахомов, Н.Н. Розанов

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Using the solution of the time Schrödinger equation, the features of the excitation of a bound state of a particle in a one-dimensional rectangular quantum well of small depth by an extremely short light pulse are studied. The case of a shallow well with only one energy level is considered. In this case, the system is excited by an attosecond pulse whose duration is shorter than the characteristic time associated with the energy of the bound state of the particle in the well. It is shown that in this case the population of the bound state and the ionization probability are determined by the ratio of the electric area of the pulse to its atomic measure, which is inversely proportional to the well width. The calculation results showed that unipolar subcycle pulses with nonzero electric area can excite the system faster and more efficiently than bipolar pulses with zero area. The possibility of using unipolar gamma-ray pulses of zeptosecond duration for deuteron excitation is discussed, and numerical estimates of the required duration and electric area of the pulse are given.

DOI
10.21883/os.2023.01.54540.4191-22

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Using the solution of the time Schrödinger equation, the features of the excitation of a bound state of a particle in a one-dimensional rectangular quantum well of small depth by an extremely short light pulse are studied. The case of a shallow well with only one energy level is considered. In this case, the system is excited by an attosecond pulse whose duration is shorter than the characteristic time associated with the energy of the bound state of the particle in the well. It is shown that in this case the population of the bound state and the ionization probability are determined by the ratio of the electric area of the pulse to its atomic measure, which is inversely proportional to the well width. The calculation results showed that unipolar subcycle pulses with nonzero electric area can excite the system faster and more efficiently than bipolar pulses with zero area. The possibility of using unipolar gamma-ray pulses of zeptosecond duration for deuteron excitation is discussed, and numerical estimates of the required duration and electric area of the pulse are given.
The Migdal sudden perturbation approximation is used to solve the problem of excitation and ionization particles in a one-dimensional potential of zero radius with an extremely short pulse. There is has only one energy level in such a one-dimensional the delta-shaped potential well. It is shown that for pulse durations shorter than the characteristic period of oscillations of the wave function of the particle in the bound state, the population of the level (and the probability of ionization) is determined by the ratio of the electric the area of ​​the pulse to the characteristic “scale” of the area inversely proportional to the area of ​​localization of the particle in a bound state.
The Migdal sudden perturbation approximation is used to solve the problem of excitation and ionization particles in a one-dimensional potential of zero radius with an extremely short pulse. There is only one energy level in such a one-dimensional the delta-shaped potential well. It is shown that for pulse durations shorter than the characteristic period of oscillations of the wave function of the particle in the bound state, the population of the level (and the probability of ionization) is determined by the ratio of the electric area of the pulse to the characteristic "scale" of the area inversely proportional to the size of localization of the particle in a bound state. Keywords: unipolar pulses, electrical pulse area, atomic scale of electric area.
The possibility of population density grating in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair ultraviolet (UV) attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium is studied. Wherein the central frequency of the pulses can both coincide with the frequency of the resonant transition 1−2 from the main state in the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), and be detuned from it. The results of numerical calculations are in agreement with the analytical values ​​obtained on the basis of approximate solution of Schrödinger equation using perturbation theory. It is shown that under resonant excitation the greatest efficiency of the grating is achieved with an increase in the pulse duration. When nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is more efficiently excited by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than bipolar multicycle pulses. The results obtained can be applicable to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. The possibility of controlling the modulation depth of the gratings by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of attosecond pulses is shown.
Based on an approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation, the effect that a pair of extremely short small-amplitude subcycle pulses has on a quantum system is studied. It is shown that, if the pulses are shorter than the inverse frequencies of atomic transitions, the probability of transitions between levels is determined by the electric area of the pulses and the time delay between them. As a consequence, a unipolar pulse can more efficiently affect the system than a bipolar one, while a sequence of pulses realizes a selective action on quantum objects, despite a nonresonant character of the interaction.
The study of interaction features between unipolar subcycle pulses and matter has shown the necessity of both revising standard theories of light-matter interaction and introducing new concepts in optics, such as pulse area interference. In this work, based on numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study the features of nonlinear interference of pulse areas during particle ex- citation in a rectangular potential well driven by a pair of half-cycle attosecond pulses. It is shown that when changing the delay between pulses, the population dependence of bound states on delay exhibits characteristic beating pattern, unlike the simple harmonic dependence obtained in the case of small field amplitude. The conducted research directly demonstrates the possibility of controlling quantum systems using sequences of half-cycle pulses, particularly the possibility of increasing ionization probability or its complete suppression and the possibility of inducing population difference gratings in multilevel media.