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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

KOGERENTNOE UPRAVLENIE NASELENNOSTYaMI SVYaZANNYKh SOSTOYaNIY V KVANTOVYKh YaMAKh PAROY POLUPERIODNYKh ATTOSEKUNDNYKh IMPUL'SOV

Rostislav M. Arkhipov, Olga Diachkova, P. Belov, M. V. Arkhipov, A. V. Pakhomov, Nikolai N Rozanov

Published Aug 13, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The study of interaction features between unipolar subcycle pulses and matter has shown the necessity of both revising standard theories of light-matter interaction and introducing new concepts in optics, such as pulse area interference. In this work, based on numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study the features of nonlinear interference of pulse areas during particle ex- citation in a rectangular potential well driven by a pair of half-cycle attosecond pulses. It is shown that when changing the delay between pulses, the population dependence of bound states on delay exhibits characteristic beating pattern, unlike the simple harmonic dependence obtained in the case of small field amplitude. The conducted research directly demonstrates the possibility of controlling quantum systems using sequences of half-cycle pulses, particularly the possibility of increasing ionization probability or its complete suppression and the possibility of inducing population difference gratings in multilevel media.

DOI
10.31857/s0044451024080029

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The study of interaction features between unipolar subcycle pulses and matter has shown the necessity of both revising standard theories of light-matter interaction and introducing new concepts in optics, such as pulse area interference. In this work, based on numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study the features of nonlinear interference of pulse areas during particle ex- citation in a rectangular potential well driven by a pair of half-cycle attosecond pulses. It is shown that when changing the delay between pulses, the population dependence of bound states on delay exhibits characteristic beating pattern, unlike the simple harmonic dependence obtained in the case of small field amplitude. The conducted research directly demonstrates the possibility of controlling quantum systems using sequences of half-cycle pulses, particularly the possibility of increasing ionization probability or its complete suppression and the possibility of inducing population difference gratings in multilevel media.
Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T_1 and medium polarization T_2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses.
Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T1 and medium polarization T2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schredinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses. Keywords: electromagnetically induced gratings, coherent interaction, extremely short pulses, unipolar pulses, attosecond pulses, medium coherence.
Abstract Recently, the possibility of obtaining non-harmonic unipolar electromagnetic pulses with a specific electric field strength’s dependence on time (e.g. a rectangular pulse) has been actively discussed in optics. Unipolar pulses have a nonzero electric area and a wide spectrum: from zero frequency up to the visible region. This could open up wide application of such pulses, for example, for faster and more efficient control of the quantum systems’ properties with a high temporal resolution compared to conventional bipolar multicycle pulses. In this paper, based on an approximate solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation and a numerical solution of the equation system for the density matrix, we show the possibility of creating electromagnetically induced population density gratings in an atomic medium using a pair of unipolar rectangular attosecond light pulses that do not overlap in the medium. The formation of such gratings can be explained on the basis of the concept of ‘interference’ of electric pulse areas, recently introduced into optics.
Recently, the possibility of the generation and interaction of unipolar half-cycle electromagnetic pulses with quantum systems has been the subject of active research. Such pulses can have many different and interesting applications. They are able to excite quantum systems very fast. Based on the numerical solution of Maxwell-Bloch equations, this paper theoretically studies the possibility of guiding and ultrafast controlling population difference gratings by a sequence of half-cycle attosecond pulses in a three-level resonant medium. The parameters of the model medium (transition frequencies and dipole moments of the transitions) are close to those found in the hydrogen atom. We show the possibility of guiding periodic gratings and dynamic microcavities on different resonance transitions of the medium. In this case, the medium considered is an example of a spatiotemporal photonic crystal. The refractive index varies rapidly in space and time. The possibility of the use of such gratings as Bragg mirrors in ultrafast optics is discussed. The results obtained are of interest in two actively developing areas of modern optics - the physics of half-cycle pulses and space-time photonic crystals.
Recently, the possibility of the generation and interaction of unipolar half-cycle electromagnetic pulses with quantum systems has been the subject of active research. Such pulses can find many different and interesting applications. They are able to excite quantum systems very fast. Based on the numerical solution of Maxwell-Bloch equations, this paper studies theoretically the possibility of guiding and ultrafast controlling population difference gratings by a sequence of half-cycle attosecond pulses in a three-level resonant medium. The parameters of the model medium (transition frequencies and transition dipole moments) match those in a hydrogen atom. We show the possibility of guiding periodic gratings and dynamic microcavities on different resonant transitions in the medium. We also consider the superradiance of polarization waves and atomic gratings produced by half-cycle pulses.
Based on an approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation, the effect that a pair of extremely short small-amplitude subcycle pulses has on a quantum system is studied. It is shown that, if the pulses are shorter than the inverse frequencies of atomic transitions, the probability of transitions between levels is determined by the electric area of the pulses and the time delay between them. As a consequence, a unipolar pulse can more efficiently affect the system than a bipolar one, while a sequence of pulses realizes a selective action on quantum objects, despite a nonresonant character of the interaction.