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Оптика и спектроскопия

Решетки населенностей, создаваемые в газе атомов водорода с помощью ультрафиолетовых аттосекундных импульсов

Р. М. Архипов, М.В. Архипов, А.В. Пахомов, Yu.M. Artem'ev, Н.Н. Розанов

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of population density grating in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair ultraviolet (UV) attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium is studied. Wherein the central frequency of the pulses can both coincide with the frequency of the resonant transition 1−2 from the main state in the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), and be detuned from it. The results of numerical calculations are in agreement with the analytical values ​​obtained on the basis of approximate solution of Schrödinger equation using perturbation theory. It is shown that under resonant excitation the greatest efficiency of the grating is achieved with an increase in the pulse duration. When nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is more efficiently excited by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than bipolar multicycle pulses. The results obtained can be applicable to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. The possibility of controlling the modulation depth of the gratings by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of attosecond pulses is shown.

DOI
10.21883/os.2021.05.50890.1842-21

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Optics and Spectroscopy•Nov 1, 2020•9 citations
The possibility of population density grating in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair ultraviolet (UV) attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium is studied. Wherein the central frequency of the pulses can both coincide with the frequency of the resonant transition 1−2 from the main state in the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), and be detuned from it. The results of numerical calculations are in agreement with the analytical values ​​obtained on the basis of approximate solution of Schrödinger equation using perturbation theory. It is shown that under resonant excitation the greatest efficiency of the grating is achieved with an increase in the pulse duration. When nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is more efficiently excited by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than bipolar multicycle pulses. The results obtained can be applicable to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. The possibility of controlling the modulation depth of the gratings by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of attosecond pulses is shown.
Abstract We study the possibility of creating gratings of populations in a gas of hydrogen atoms using a pair of UV attosecond pulses that do not overlap in the medium. In this case, the central frequency of the pulses can either coincide with the frequency of the 1–2 resonant transition from the ground state to the first excited state (the main line of the Lyman series), or be detuned from it. The values of numerically calculated quantities agree with those obtained analytically from the solution of an approximate Schrödinger equation in perturbation theory. We show that, upon resonant excitation, the greatest creation efficiency of gratings is achieved with increasing pulse duration. In the case of nonresonant excitation, on the contrary, the system is excited more efficiently by short quasi-unipolar subcycle pulses than by bipolar multicycle once. The obtained results can be applied to coherent excitation of a single atom (thin layer) using a pair of UV pulses. We show that the modulation depth of gratings can be controlled by changing the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of UV attosecond pulses.
The possibility of selective population of the energy levels of quantum systems was studied using a single unipolar subcycle pulse and a pair of pulses. Selective population of quantum levels is clearly illustrated based on the numerical solution of the system of equations for the density matrix of a three-level medium interacting with a pair of subcycle attosecond and terahertz pulses. The possibility of creating an population inversion in a three-level medium is shown using a pair of such pulses. The dynamics of population density gratings in a three-level medium is studied at the impact on the system of a pair of large-amplitude Gaussian pulses. If in a weak field the shape of the gratings is harmonic, according to analytical calculations performed according to perturbation theory, then in in the case of a strong field, the spatial profile of the gratings can differ from the sinusoidal one and has complex spike structure.
Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T_1 and medium polarization T_2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses.
Abstract Recently, the possibility of obtaining non-harmonic unipolar electromagnetic pulses with a specific electric field strength’s dependence on time (e.g. a rectangular pulse) has been actively discussed in optics. Unipolar pulses have a nonzero electric area and a wide spectrum: from zero frequency up to the visible region. This could open up wide application of such pulses, for example, for faster and more efficient control of the quantum systems’ properties with a high temporal resolution compared to conventional bipolar multicycle pulses. In this paper, based on an approximate solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation and a numerical solution of the equation system for the density matrix, we show the possibility of creating electromagnetically induced population density gratings in an atomic medium using a pair of unipolar rectangular attosecond light pulses that do not overlap in the medium. The formation of such gratings can be explained on the basis of the concept of ‘interference’ of electric pulse areas, recently introduced into optics.