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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Kerr effect on optical induced transparency and group delays in a photothermal cavity

Yifan Xu, Lina Zhou, Jiang Lv, Hongyun Chen

Published Jan 6, 2023• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The thermal-induced nonlinear effect in a micro-cavity with small mode volume is extremely important for studying the optical cavity’s physical properties. In this work, we discuss the Kerr effect acting on the photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) and group delays in a photothermal cavity. We analyze the optical bistability with the thermal and Kerr nonlinear effects in the photothermal system, which directly impacts the dynamical stability and the threshold for bistability, eventually leading to an increase in the number of photons in the steady state. Meanwhile, the Kerr nonlinear effect greatly modifies the Fano-like PTIT in the system with photothermal effect, and the window is effectively compensated to symmetrical PTIT by Kerr-induced cavity frequency redshift. A group delay and advance are observed in the phase of the transmitted probe field, which enables light to be stored in the milliseconds range. The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing or steering the performance of PTIT and group delay in nonlinear optical cavities, and it will find some applications in optical sensing and communications.

DOI
10.1364/josab.476851

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The thermal-induced nonlinear effect in a micro-cavity with small mode volume is extremely important for studying the optical cavity’s physical properties. In this work, we discuss the Kerr effect acting on the photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) and group delays in a photothermal cavity. We analyze the optical bistability with the thermal and Kerr nonlinear effects in the photothermal system, which directly impacts the dynamical stability and the threshold for bistability, eventually leading to an increase in the number of photons in the steady state. Meanwhile, the Kerr nonlinear effect greatly modifies the Fano-like PTIT in the system with photothermal effect, and the window is effectively compensated to symmetrical PTIT by Kerr-induced cavity frequency redshift. A group delay and advance are observed in the phase of the transmitted probe field, which enables light to be stored in the milliseconds range. The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing or steering the performance of PTIT and group delay in nonlinear optical cavities, and it will find some applications in optical sensing and communications.
The system optical response in quantum dot molecule (QDM)-embedded coupled cavities with photothermal effect is investigated theoretically. Couple resonator-induced transparency can be found first when only considering the photon tunneling between the double cavities. After implanting QDMs with tunneling effects into the right cavity, three transparency windows are observed due to QDMs and tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) therein. The fourth transparency window is formed due to photothermally induced transparency (PTIT). The results indicate the system absorption can be tuned by changing the system coupling strengths and frequency detunings. Furthermore, the transmission and group delay of the probe field are examined. Especially, the group delay in different transparency windows can be adjusted by the tunneling effect in the QDMs, and the group delay in PTIT can also be controlled by the system coupling strengths, etc. The research provides a new way of using the TIT to control the PTIT, which may be applied to design novel nanophotonic devices.
Induced transparency is a common but remarkable effect in optics. It occurs when a strong driving field is used to render an otherwise opaque material transparent. The effect is known as electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic media and optomechanically induced transparency in systems that consist of coupled optical and mechanical resonators. In this work, we introduce the concept of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT). It happens when an optical resonator exhibits nonlinear behavior due to optical heating of the resonator or its mirrors. Similar to the established mechanisms for induced transparency, PTIT can suppress the coupling between an optical resonator and a traveling optical field. We further show that the dispersion of the resonator can be modified to exhibit slow or fast light. Because of the relatively slow thermal response, we observe the bandwidth of the PTIT to be 2π × 15.9 Hz, which theoretically suggests a group velocity of as low as 5 m/s.
Abstract We aim to study the properties of the output probe field (OPF) in a system composed of two coupled-optical cavities. A strong pump and a weak probe field drives the left cavity whereas the right-side cavity is coupled to mechanical oscillation via photothermal effect. The two cavities are coupled with optical coupling strength J . Single photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) in a single cavity is realized via thermal effect (2020, Sci. Adv. 6 , eaax8256). Following the idea, we report double PTIT in coupled-cavities system. The control of single to double PTIT is realized in the proposed system by properly adjusting the coupling strength J . We further show the enhancement of slow light by adjusting the coupling strength ( J ) between the cavities. Our proposed scheme facilitates experiments to investigate photothermal effects in an array of optomechanical systems.
Abstract The phenomenon of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) arises from the nonlinear behavior of an optical cavity, resulting from the heating of mirrors. By introducing a coupling field in the form of a standing wave, PTIT can be transitioned into photothermally induced grating (PTIG). A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern is achieved through the adjustment of key parameters such as coupling strength and effective detuning. Notably, we observe first, second, and third-order intensity distributions, with the ability to transfer probe energy predominantly to the third order by fine-tuning the coupling strength. The intensity distribution is characterized by (±m, ±n), where m, n = 1, 2, 3. This proposed 2D grating system offers a novel platform for manipulating PTIG, presenting unique possibilities for enhanced functionality and control.
Abstract We theoretically study the optical bistability and second-order sideband generation (SSG) in an optical cavity having photothermal effect in our paper. Using the perturbation method, we give an explicit analytical expression for SSG, showing a conversion efficiency of over 30 % . With change in the system parameters, our numerical method shows that the transparency window of the photothermal induced transparency and the SSG can be significantly enhanced by the photothermal effects. Our obtained results in this study can provide a reference to develop a new way in all-optical switching and precision measurement.
Abstract We theoretically study photothermally and optomechanically induced transparency in a hybrid system of two coupled Fabry-Peŕot cavities. The left cavity hosts a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate driven by pump and probe fields, while the right cavity couples to a mechanical resonator via photothermal effects. By tuning intercavity, optomechanical, and condensate-cavity couplings, both single and multiple transparency windows emerge. Interspecies and intraspecies interactions, along with effective coupling parameters, govern the transparency conditions, while the photothermal coefficient shapes the profiles. Absorption and dispersion spectra reveal that strong coupling enhances slow-light effects and group delay. These findings provide insights into tunable light-matter interactions for optical communication and photonic applications.