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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Two-dimensional photothermally induced grating

Tauqeer Khan, Muneeb Ur Rahman, Nusrat Riaz, ahsan Bin Asad, Muhammad Imtiaz Khan, Ziauddin Ziauddin

Published Dec 31, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The phenomenon of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) arises from the nonlinear behavior of an optical cavity, resulting from the heating of mirrors. By introducing a coupling field in the form of a standing wave, PTIT can be transitioned into photothermally induced grating (PTIG). A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern is achieved through the adjustment of key parameters such as coupling strength and effective detuning. Notably, we observe first, second, and third-order intensity distributions, with the ability to transfer probe energy predominantly to the third order by fine-tuning the coupling strength. The intensity distribution is characterized by (±m, ±n), where m, n = 1, 2, 3. This proposed 2D grating system offers a novel platform for manipulating PTIG, presenting unique possibilities for enhanced functionality and control.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/ada42a

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Abstract The phenomenon of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) arises from the nonlinear behavior of an optical cavity, resulting from the heating of mirrors. By introducing a coupling field in the form of a standing wave, PTIT can be transitioned into photothermally induced grating (PTIG). A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern is achieved through the adjustment of key parameters such as coupling strength and effective detuning. Notably, we observe first, second, and third-order intensity distributions, with the ability to transfer probe energy predominantly to the third order by fine-tuning the coupling strength. The intensity distribution is characterized by (±m, ±n), where m, n = 1, 2, 3. This proposed 2D grating system offers a novel platform for manipulating PTIG, presenting unique possibilities for enhanced functionality and control.
Abstract We aim to study the properties of the output probe field (OPF) in a system composed of two coupled-optical cavities. A strong pump and a weak probe field drives the left cavity whereas the right-side cavity is coupled to mechanical oscillation via photothermal effect. The two cavities are coupled with optical coupling strength J . Single photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) in a single cavity is realized via thermal effect (2020, Sci. Adv. 6 , eaax8256). Following the idea, we report double PTIT in coupled-cavities system. The control of single to double PTIT is realized in the proposed system by properly adjusting the coupling strength J . We further show the enhancement of slow light by adjusting the coupling strength ( J ) between the cavities. Our proposed scheme facilitates experiments to investigate photothermal effects in an array of optomechanical systems.
The system optical response in quantum dot molecule (QDM)-embedded coupled cavities with photothermal effect is investigated theoretically. Couple resonator-induced transparency can be found first when only considering the photon tunneling between the double cavities. After implanting QDMs with tunneling effects into the right cavity, three transparency windows are observed due to QDMs and tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) therein. The fourth transparency window is formed due to photothermally induced transparency (PTIT). The results indicate the system absorption can be tuned by changing the system coupling strengths and frequency detunings. Furthermore, the transmission and group delay of the probe field are examined. Especially, the group delay in different transparency windows can be adjusted by the tunneling effect in the QDMs, and the group delay in PTIT can also be controlled by the system coupling strengths, etc. The research provides a new way of using the TIT to control the PTIT, which may be applied to design novel nanophotonic devices.
Abstract In this letter, we propose a novel nonlinear optomechanical system for generating a two-dimensional (2D) optical grating. The system comprises a Fabry–Pérot cavity with a fixed mirror, movable end mirror, degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and ensemble of identical two-level atoms. By applying a 2D asymmetric standing wave as the driving field, the probe light can be diffracted in the x - and y -directions with different intensities, leading to an asymmetric optomechanically induced grating. The amplitude and phase modulations of the output probe light and the resulting Fraunhofer diffraction patterns were investigated. The results show that the atomic ensemble plays a crucial role in controlling the efficiency and asymmetry of 2D gratings. We demonstrate that by tuning the nonlinear gain of the OPA and higher-order excitations of the atoms, the transparency of the medium can be enhanced, leading to greater transmission of probe energy and transfer to higher diffraction orders. The proposed system offers a novel approach for generating asymmetric 2D optical gratings in optomechanical devices with potential applications in quantum information science.
Induced transparency is a common but remarkable effect in optics. It occurs when a strong driving field is used to render an otherwise opaque material transparent. The effect is known as electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic media and optomechanically induced transparency in systems that consist of coupled optical and mechanical resonators. In this work, we introduce the concept of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT). It happens when an optical resonator exhibits nonlinear behavior due to optical heating of the resonator or its mirrors. Similar to the established mechanisms for induced transparency, PTIT can suppress the coupling between an optical resonator and a traveling optical field. We further show that the dispersion of the resonator can be modified to exhibit slow or fast light. Because of the relatively slow thermal response, we observe the bandwidth of the PTIT to be 2π × 15.9 Hz, which theoretically suggests a group velocity of as low as 5 m/s.
The thermal-induced nonlinear effect in a micro-cavity with small mode volume is extremely important for studying the optical cavity’s physical properties. In this work, we discuss the Kerr effect acting on the photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) and group delays in a photothermal cavity. We analyze the optical bistability with the thermal and Kerr nonlinear effects in the photothermal system, which directly impacts the dynamical stability and the threshold for bistability, eventually leading to an increase in the number of photons in the steady state. Meanwhile, the Kerr nonlinear effect greatly modifies the Fano-like PTIT in the system with photothermal effect, and the window is effectively compensated to symmetrical PTIT by Kerr-induced cavity frequency redshift. A group delay and advance are observed in the phase of the transmitted probe field, which enables light to be stored in the milliseconds range. The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing or steering the performance of PTIT and group delay in nonlinear optical cavities, and it will find some applications in optical sensing and communications.
Abstract We theoretically investigated the photothermally and optomechanically induced transparency (PTIT and OMIT) in an optomechanical system filled with quantum dots (QDs). In our proposed system, the right mechanical resonator couples with the optical cavity via radiation pressure, and the left mechanical resonator couples with the optical cavity through the photothermal effects. The system is driven by a strong pump field and a weak probe field. It is shown that double transparency windows can be observed due to PTIT and OMIT. When considering the Jaynes‐Cummings coupling between the QDs and the optical cavity, three transparency windows are observed. We also show that the PTIT can be adjusted by the OMIT and the QDs in the optical cavity. What is more, the coupling strength and the frequency detuning can be used effectively to change the system absorption and dispersion in the PITT transparency window. This indicates that the group delay of the probe light can also be manipulated by the system parameters. The obtained results may be applied in the optical communication such as optical buffer, and so forth.