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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Photothermal effects on optical bistability and second-order sidebands in a cavity

Jiang Lv, Jie Bi, Yifan Xu, Tieping Li, Hongyun Chen

Published Dec 22, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We theoretically study the optical bistability and second-order sideband generation (SSG) in an optical cavity having photothermal effect in our paper. Using the perturbation method, we give an explicit analytical expression for SSG, showing a conversion efficiency of over 30 % . With change in the system parameters, our numerical method shows that the transparency window of the photothermal induced transparency and the SSG can be significantly enhanced by the photothermal effects. Our obtained results in this study can provide a reference to develop a new way in all-optical switching and precision measurement.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/acae10

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Dec 31, 2024•0 citations
Abstract We theoretically study the optical bistability and second-order sideband generation (SSG) in an optical cavity having photothermal effect in our paper. Using the perturbation method, we give an explicit analytical expression for SSG, showing a conversion efficiency of over 30 % . With change in the system parameters, our numerical method shows that the transparency window of the photothermal induced transparency and the SSG can be significantly enhanced by the photothermal effects. Our obtained results in this study can provide a reference to develop a new way in all-optical switching and precision measurement.
The thermal-induced nonlinear effect in a micro-cavity with small mode volume is extremely important for studying the optical cavity’s physical properties. In this work, we discuss the Kerr effect acting on the photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) and group delays in a photothermal cavity. We analyze the optical bistability with the thermal and Kerr nonlinear effects in the photothermal system, which directly impacts the dynamical stability and the threshold for bistability, eventually leading to an increase in the number of photons in the steady state. Meanwhile, the Kerr nonlinear effect greatly modifies the Fano-like PTIT in the system with photothermal effect, and the window is effectively compensated to symmetrical PTIT by Kerr-induced cavity frequency redshift. A group delay and advance are observed in the phase of the transmitted probe field, which enables light to be stored in the milliseconds range. The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing or steering the performance of PTIT and group delay in nonlinear optical cavities, and it will find some applications in optical sensing and communications.
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Second-order sideband generation (SSG) is investigated in an optomechanical system with atom-cavity-resonator coupling. We focus mainly on the effect of the atomic ensemble trapped in the cavity on the SSG. The numerical results show that the second-order sideband is induced not only for the blue probe-pump detuning resonant case but also for the red one while coupling the atoms with the cavity. Moreover, it is found that the efficiency of the SSG can be significantly enhanced while increasing the atom-cavity coupling strength. More interestingly, the SSG is also sensitive to the atom-pump detuning. It is demonstrated that when optimizing this detuning and the atom-cavity coupling strength together, a robust second-order sideband can be induced and the efficiency of the SSG even surpasses the one of the first-order sideband generation. In addition, the efficiency of the SSG can also be tuned effectively by the decay rate of the atom.
Abstract A coupled active–passive double-cavity system with balanced effective gain and loss provides a powerful platform for sideband generation. In different input limits, we explore the gain-saturation nonlinearity of the active cavity with regard to sideband generation. Using a perturbation method, we give an explicit analytical expression for second-order sideband generation (SSG), showing a conversion efficiency of over 80% and pump powers as low as ∼ μ W. A remarkable mode-splitting is also observed during the SSG process in the unbroken parity–time (   ) symmetry phase. With change in the system parameters, our numerical method shows that high-order sideband generation (HSG) in the unbroken   phase is controllable, including increasing its amplitude and changing its order number, especially when switching HSG between perturbative and non-perturbative regimes. In the broken   phase, field localization effect leads to a stronger output spectral intensity than that in the unbroken   phase.
Abstract We aim to study the properties of the output probe field (OPF) in a system composed of two coupled-optical cavities. A strong pump and a weak probe field drives the left cavity whereas the right-side cavity is coupled to mechanical oscillation via photothermal effect. The two cavities are coupled with optical coupling strength J . Single photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) in a single cavity is realized via thermal effect (2020, Sci. Adv. 6 , eaax8256). Following the idea, we report double PTIT in coupled-cavities system. The control of single to double PTIT is realized in the proposed system by properly adjusting the coupling strength J . We further show the enhancement of slow light by adjusting the coupling strength ( J ) between the cavities. Our proposed scheme facilitates experiments to investigate photothermal effects in an array of optomechanical systems.
Abstract The phenomenon of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) arises from the nonlinear behavior of an optical cavity, resulting from the heating of mirrors. By introducing a coupling field in the form of a standing wave, PTIT can be transitioned into photothermally induced grating (PTIG). A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern is achieved through the adjustment of key parameters such as coupling strength and effective detuning. Notably, we observe first, second, and third-order intensity distributions, with the ability to transfer probe energy predominantly to the third order by fine-tuning the coupling strength. The intensity distribution is characterized by (±m, ±n), where m, n = 1, 2, 3. This proposed 2D grating system offers a novel platform for manipulating PTIG, presenting unique possibilities for enhanced functionality and control.