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New Journal of Physics

Interplay of polarizations in a cascade EIT system in the presence of vortex coupling light in 87Rb atomic vapor medium

Dixith Manchaiah, Rohit Kumar, Raghavan K. Easwaran

Published Jan 1, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in 5 S 1 / 2 − 5 P 3 / 2 − 5 D 5 / 2 configuration in 87Rb atomic vapor medium in the presence of vortex coupling Laguerre Gaussian (LG) light. We demonstrated Doppler free double resonance EIT structure in cascade configuration and observed transmission spectra for | H ⟩ − | H ⟩ and σ + − σ + polarized probe and coupling lights. We demonstrate that the double resonance structure can be identified by two photon transition probabilities and it is found to be F ′ ′ = 2 and F ′ ′ = 3 . By considering coupling LG light, several polarization combinations are taken into account, and their effects on amplifying and diminishing the EIT resonances are demonstrated experimentally. In order to understand the polarization effects of vortex coupling light on EIT spectrum in a degenerate multilevel atomic system, a theoretical model is developed by considering a simplified double hut level structure. Semi-classical density matrix analysis is used to understand the dynamics and also to establish the enhancement and reduction of EIT peak height with coupling light polarizations. The impact of two photon transition probabilities, polarization combinations and relative orientations of probe and coupling lights in degenerate multilevel atomic systems leads to modification of EIT resonances significantly. We establish quantitative agreement between our theory and experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/acb0ef

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 7, 2026•2 citations
Abstract We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in 5 S 1 / 2 − 5 P 3 / 2 − 5 D 5 / 2 configuration in 87Rb atomic vapor medium in the presence of vortex coupling Laguerre Gaussian (LG) light. We demonstrated Doppler free double resonance EIT structure in cascade configuration and observed transmission spectra for | H ⟩ − | H ⟩ and σ + − σ + polarized probe and coupling lights. We demonstrate that the double resonance structure can be identified by two photon transition probabilities and it is found to be F ′ ′ = 2 and F ′ ′ = 3 . By considering coupling LG light, several polarization combinations are taken into account, and their effects on amplifying and diminishing the EIT resonances are demonstrated experimentally. In order to understand the polarization effects of vortex coupling light on EIT spectrum in a degenerate multilevel atomic system, a theoretical model is developed by considering a simplified double hut level structure. Semi-classical density matrix analysis is used to understand the dynamics and also to establish the enhancement and reduction of EIT peak height with coupling light polarizations. The impact of two photon transition probabilities, polarization combinations and relative orientations of probe and coupling lights in degenerate multilevel atomic systems leads to modification of EIT resonances significantly. We establish quantitative agreement between our theory and experimental results.
Here, we present a study on the dispersion features obtained in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiment using a three-level cascade configuration in an 87 Rb atomic vapor medium in the presence of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) light as a coupling. A doublet transmission structure was obtained experimentally, and dispersion spectra were extracted using transmission spectra to study the probe light behavior. Dispersive regions that exhibit normal and anomalous nature were studied considering the polarization of various orientations as a coupling light. We established that normal dispersive region shows steep positive slopes, and anomalous dispersive region shows negative slopes, which can be controlled by polarization orientations. Owing to the change in the slopes of dispersion, normal and anomalous dispersive region is observed, and spectrum shows the effects of subluminal and superluminal propagation of probe light. This work, to the best of our knowledge, is novel in the study of dispersive region arising out of double-resonance EIT transmission spectra in the presence of LG light with the l =10 and p =0 mode as a coupling light with various polarization orientations. In the discussion, we establish that single parameter θ is sufficient for identifying the orientation and ellipticity of the polarization ellipse and also determine that the polarization of coupling light acts as a tuning parameter for changing the behavior of normal and anomalous dispersive region. Slow and fast light or superluminal propagation of probe light arise as a consequence of positive or negative group index, and fast light does not violate the principle of causality. Slow and fast light have future applications in high-speed quantum information and quantum communication using EIT-based protocol.
In the present work, a theoretical and experimental study to enhance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals in an 85 R b atomic vapor medium at room temperature is conducted. Also, switching from EIT to EIA signal at a particular value of the magnetic field is observed. Further, by using circularly polarized coupling light, the dispersion profile of the linearly polarized probe signal is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The nine-level system of 85 R b D2 transition in a ladder-type configuration is fully solved by using the density matrix theory. The simulated results are found in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Hence, an experimental setup is developed for (1) achieving enhanced EIT and EIA signal, (2) switching from EIT to EIA, and (3) dispersion measurement. These observations have potential applications towards measurement of the group velocity of light, quantum memory, quantum information, and optical switching.
A theoretical model using density matrix approach has been presented to show the polarization dependence of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in cascade multilevel atomic system. EIT has already been investigated both theoretically and experimentally by using three-level system in lambda (Λ), vee (V), and cascade (Ξ) configurations. However there is asymmetry in absorption measurement. To understand this asymmetry we introduce hyperfine levels in EIT cascade system. We present a five-level atomic system, which is a simple case of87Rb. This study has been extended to investigate the polarization dependence of probe and control lasers on EIT. It has been observed that there is significant change in transparency window for different laser polarizations.
Abstract We develop an analytical approach on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened medium consisting of five-level cascade systems excited by a strong coupling and weak probe laser fields. In a weak field limit of the probe light, EIT spectrum is interpreted as functions of controllable parameters of the coupling light and temperature of the medium. The theoretical interpretation of EIT spectrum is applied to the case of 85 Rb atoms and compared with available experimental observation. Such an analytical interpretation provides quantitative parameters to control properties of the Doppler broadened EIT medium, and it is useful to find related applications.
In this paper, we present the theoretical study of double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level V-type system which is formed by two co-propagating laser fields and the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine transitions of 87Rb D2 line. The density matrix equations for the four-level V-type system are derived from the Liouville’s equation of motion and numerically solved under steady state condition to get the EIT signals. We consider both the probe and pump transmission spectra for the observation of double EIT signals under both Doppler free and Doppler broadened conditions. In case of Doppler free medium, two EIT peaks are formed in the two Lorentzian shape dips present in the both Doppler free probe and pump transmission spectra. When the medium becomes Doppler broadened, the two EIT peaks are formed in the probe transmission spectrum having Doppler broadened background, but the pump transmission spectrum gives two EIT peaks in the Doppler free background. The effect of probe intensity variation on the two EIT peaks is studied in case of Doppler broadened probe transmission spectrum. It is found that the heights of the EIT peaks decrease as the probe intensity increases, and interestingly one EIT peak converts into EIA (electromagnetically induced absorption) dip at some strong probe intensity value. The depth of the EIA dip is significantly increased as the intensity of the probe field increases. We also present the effect of probe intensity variation on the EIT peaks in the pump transmission spectrum and found that the EIT peak heights are increased as the probe intensity increases.
We present electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and double resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra for the 5 S 1/2 →5 P 3/2 →5 D 5/2 transitions of 87 Rb atoms. Two-photon excitation to the 5 D 5/2 state is confirmed by detecting 420 nm fluorescence from the decay channel 6 P 3/2 →5 S 1/2 . We observe a dual structure in the transmission profile for the closed transition ( F =2→ F ′ =3→ F ′ ′ =4), which we attribute to competing DROP and EIT processes. A quantitative parameter K is introduced to characterize the DROP influence on EIT spectra. By adding a re-pumper field locked to the |5 S 1/2 , F =1⟩→|5 P 3/2 , F ′ =2⟩ transition, we demonstrate clear EIT signal with suppressed DROP effects. Two-photon absorption is also observed in both probe transmission and blue fluorescence spectra. The steady state solution of the density matrix equations derived from our five-level analytical model is in good agreement with the experimental observations. Moreover, lock-in detection technique is used in the weak probe regime to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing EIT and DROP in multi-level atomic systems and offer practical strategies for achieving DROP-free EIT signals, which are essential for cascade EIT-based applications like Rydberg spectroscopy, quantum information, and quantum memory.