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Physica Scripta

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level cascade system under Doppler broadening: an analytical approach

Dinh Xuan Khoa, Pham Van Trong, Le Van Doai, Nguyen Huy Bang

Published Feb 1, 2016• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We develop an analytical approach on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened medium consisting of five-level cascade systems excited by a strong coupling and weak probe laser fields. In a weak field limit of the probe light, EIT spectrum is interpreted as functions of controllable parameters of the coupling light and temperature of the medium. The theoretical interpretation of EIT spectrum is applied to the case of 85 Rb atoms and compared with available experimental observation. Such an analytical interpretation provides quantitative parameters to control properties of the Doppler broadened EIT medium, and it is useful to find related applications.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/91/3/035401

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We study the propagation dynamics of a single pair of probe and coupling laser pulses in a three-level cascade atomic medium by numerical solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations for atoms and fields. Influences of the pulse durations, intensity and pulse area of the coupling laser on the probe laser propagation are investigated. We found the conditions that the undistorted probe pulse in such medium, i.e., the EIT effect is established. Under EIT conditions, the ground state population is trapped in a dark state. Full Text: PDF References A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Lasers without inversion: interference of dressed lifetime-broadened states", Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 1344. CrossRef K.J. Boller, A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef A.S. Zibrov, M.D. Lukin, D.E. Nikonov, L. Hollberg, M.O. Scully, V.L. Velichansky, and H.G. Robinson, "Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb", Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 1499. CrossRef L.V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C.H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature, 397 (1999) 594. CrossRef L.V. Doai, D.X. Khoa, and N.H. Bang, "EIT enhanced self-Kerr nonlinearity in the three-level lambda system under Doppler broadening", Phys. Scr. 90 (2015)045502. CrossRef D.X. Khoa, L.V. Doai, D.H. Son, and N.H. Bang, "Enhancement of self-Kerr nonlinearity via electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level cascade system: an analytical approach", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 31, N6 (2014), pp. 1330. CrossRef F.T. Hioe and R. Grobe, "Matched Optical Solitary Waves for Three- and Five-Level Systems", Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, (1994) 2559. CrossRef S.E. Harris and Z.F. Luo, "Preparation energy for electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. A. 52 (1995) R928. CrossRef V. G. Arkhipkin, I.V. Timofeev, "Adiabatic propagation of short pulses under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Quantum Electronics, 30 (2000) 180. CrossRef M. Kiffner, T. N. Dey, "Dynamical control of pulse propagation in electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. A. 79 (2009) 023829. CrossRef R. Yu, J. Li, P. Huang, A. Zheng, X. Yang, "Dynamic control of light propagation and optical switching through an RF-driven cascade-type atomic medium", Phys. Lett. A. 373 (2009) 2992. CrossRef E. Paspalakis,N. J. Kylstra and P. L. Knight, "Propagation and nonlinear generation dynamics in a coherently prepared four-level system", Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 053808. CrossRef E. Ignesti, R. Buffa, L. Fini, E. Sali, M. V. Tognetti, S. Cavalieri, "Controlling the propagation of broadband light pulses by Electromagnetically Induced Transparency", Opt. Commun, 285 (2012) 1185. CrossRef P. R. Bermanand C. H. Raymond Ooi, "Pulse propagation in a medium of ?-type atoms", Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012), 053812. CrossRef G. Buica, T. Nakajima, "Propagation of two short laser pulse trains in a ?-type three-level medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Opt. Commun. 332 (2014) 59. CrossRef L. V. Doai, P. V. Trong, D. X. Khoa, and Ng. H. Bang, "Electromagnetically induced transparency in five-level cascade scheme of 85Rb atoms: An analytical approach", Optik, 125 (2014) 3666?3669. CrossRef J.H. Eberly, "Transmission of dressed fields in three-level media", Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7 (1995) 373. CrossRef M.D. Crisp, "Propagation of Small-Area Pulses of Coherent Light through a Resonant Medium", Phys. Rev. A 1 (1970) 1604. CrossRef

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In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.

Communications in Physics•Dec 4, 2023•0 citations
Abstract We develop an analytical approach on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened medium consisting of five-level cascade systems excited by a strong coupling and weak probe laser fields. In a weak field limit of the probe light, EIT spectrum is interpreted as functions of controllable parameters of the coupling light and temperature of the medium. The theoretical interpretation of EIT spectrum is applied to the case of 85 Rb atoms and compared with available experimental observation. Such an analytical interpretation provides quantitative parameters to control properties of the Doppler broadened EIT medium, and it is useful to find related applications.
A theoretical model using the density matrix approach has been presented to show the influence of multiple excited states on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cascade-type Doppler broadened medium. A five-level system has been considered that is a simple case of the 87 Rb atom. In a room temperature vapour, when the Doppler broadening is comparable with hyperfine splitting in the middle states, there is a strong reduction in EIT. By performing the thermal averaging in the five-level Doppler broadened system, we observe an asymmetric transparency that has already been shown in most of the experimental work.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in the Five-level Scheme of Cold 85^{85}85Rb Atomic Vapour
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.
We study the propagation dynamics of a single pair of probe and coupling laser pulses in a three-level cascade atomic medium by numerical solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations for atoms and fields. Influences of the pulse durations, intensity and pulse area of the coupling laser on the probe laser propagation are investigated. We found the conditions that the undistorted probe pulse in such medium, i.e., the EIT effect is established. Under EIT conditions, the ground state population is trapped in a dark state. Full Text: PDF References A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Lasers without inversion: interference of dressed lifetime-broadened states", Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 1344. CrossRef K.J. Boller, A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef A.S. Zibrov, M.D. Lukin, D.E. Nikonov, L. Hollberg, M.O. Scully, V.L. Velichansky, and H.G. Robinson, "Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb", Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 1499. CrossRef L.V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C.H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature, 397 (1999) 594. CrossRef L.V. Doai, D.X. Khoa, and N.H. Bang, "EIT enhanced self-Kerr nonlinearity in the three-level lambda system under Doppler broadening", Phys. Scr. 90 (2015)045502. CrossRef D.X. Khoa, L.V. Doai, D.H. Son, and N.H. Bang, "Enhancement of self-Kerr nonlinearity via electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level cascade system: an analytical approach", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 31, N6 (2014), pp. 1330. CrossRef F.T. Hioe and R. Grobe, "Matched Optical Solitary Waves for Three- and Five-Level Systems", Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, (1994) 2559. CrossRef S.E. Harris and Z.F. Luo, "Preparation energy for electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. A. 52 (1995) R928. CrossRef V. G. Arkhipkin, I.V. Timofeev, "Adiabatic propagation of short pulses under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Quantum Electronics, 30 (2000) 180. CrossRef M. Kiffner, T. N. Dey, "Dynamical control of pulse propagation in electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. A. 79 (2009) 023829. CrossRef R. Yu, J. Li, P. Huang, A. Zheng, X. Yang, "Dynamic control of light propagation and optical switching through an RF-driven cascade-type atomic medium", Phys. Lett. A. 373 (2009) 2992. CrossRef E. Paspalakis,N. J. Kylstra and P. L. Knight, "Propagation and nonlinear generation dynamics in a coherently prepared four-level system", Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 053808. CrossRef E. Ignesti, R. Buffa, L. Fini, E. Sali, M. V. Tognetti, S. Cavalieri, "Controlling the propagation of broadband light pulses by Electromagnetically Induced Transparency", Opt. Commun, 285 (2012) 1185. CrossRef P. R. Bermanand C. H. Raymond Ooi, "Pulse propagation in a medium of ?-type atoms", Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012), 053812. CrossRef G. Buica, T. Nakajima, "Propagation of two short laser pulse trains in a ?-type three-level medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Opt. Commun. 332 (2014) 59. CrossRef L. V. Doai, P. V. Trong, D. X. Khoa, and Ng. H. Bang, "Electromagnetically induced transparency in five-level cascade scheme of 85Rb atoms: An analytical approach", Optik, 125 (2014) 3666?3669. CrossRef J.H. Eberly, "Transmission of dressed fields in three-level media", Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7 (1995) 373. CrossRef M.D. Crisp, "Propagation of Small-Area Pulses of Coherent Light through a Resonant Medium", Phys. Rev. A 1 (1970) 1604. CrossRef
We have measured the dispersive profile of a multiwindow electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum in a medium consisting of Rb atoms in the presence of Doppler broadening. The atomic medium is excited by a strong coupling light and a weak probe laser light via the V-type transitions within the D2 manifold. Under the EIT effect, an anomalous dispersive region of the medium is basically modified into multinormal and anomalous dispersive regions. Furthermore, the slope and position of the dispersion can be controlled with the intensity and frequency of the coupling light. An analytic model is proposed to simulate the observed spectrum with a good agreement. Such controllable dispersive properties with their analytic description would be useful for finding applications related to multiwindow EIT phenomena.
In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.