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Annalen der Physik

Enhanced Charging in Common Environments Compared to Independent Environments for Two‐Level Systems

Kai Dong Xu, Jinjun Chen, Hong-Guo Li, Hao Zhu, Han‐Jie Zhu, Wu‐Ming Liu

Published Dec 14, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The charging process of a quantum battery (i.e., a two‐level system) is studied in two scenarios, that is, a quantum battery and a charger are coupled to the common reservoir environments or coupled to their respective independent environments. In the common reservoir scenario, it is shown that the optimal charging process can be realized by increasing the number of environments and setting the same coupling strength between battery‐reservoirs and charger‐reservoirs. In the independent reservoir scenario, however, it is shown that decreasing either the number of reservoir environments or the coupling strength would enhance the charging performance. These results demonstrate that the charging performance of quantum batteries can be significantly improved by constructing common environments. This may be of help to the realization of the quantum battery with optimal charging performance in multiple environments.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202200446

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Abstract The charging process of a quantum battery (i.e., a two‐level system) is studied in two scenarios, that is, a quantum battery and a charger are coupled to the common reservoir environments or coupled to their respective independent environments. In the common reservoir scenario, it is shown that the optimal charging process can be realized by increasing the number of environments and setting the same coupling strength between battery‐reservoirs and charger‐reservoirs. In the independent reservoir scenario, however, it is shown that decreasing either the number of reservoir environments or the coupling strength would enhance the charging performance. These results demonstrate that the charging performance of quantum batteries can be significantly improved by constructing common environments. This may be of help to the realization of the quantum battery with optimal charging performance in multiple environments.
In the process of using quantum resources to improve the performance of quantum battery devices, device performance is highly restricted by decoherence due to the influence of the external environment. In particular, the fact that such devices are subject to complex environmental influences in real scenarios should be taken into account. Here, we investigate the performance (i.e., the internal energy, charging power, and ergotropy) of a quantum battery in a double-layer environment, where the first-layer environment is a single-mode cavity and the second-layer environment is a single reservoir. We are surprised to find that the memory effect of the reservoir does not affect the charging performance of a quantum battery; in sharp contrast, the reduction in the coupling between the quantum battery and the first-layer environment can improve the charging performance of a quantum battery. We then extend our discussion to the case where the second-layer environment consists of multiple reservoirs, each consisting of a single-mode cavity dissipated to the Markovian reservoir. It is shown that the charging performance of the quantum battery can be enhanced by increasing the number of cavities in the second-layer environment and the coupling strength between the first-layer environment and the second-layer environment. Our results may be helpful for realizing optimal charging performance of quantum batteries in a complex environment.
We investigate the charging process of open quantum battery in the weak system-environment coupling regime. A method to improve the performance of open quantum battery in a reservoir environment, which described by a band-gap environment model or a two-Lorentzian environment model, is proposed by manipulating the spectral density of environment. We find that the optimal quantum battery, characterized by fast charging time and large ergotropy, in the band-gap environment can be obtained by increasing the weights of two Lorentzians and the spectral width of the second Lorentzian, which is in sharp contrast to the quantum battery in two-Lorentzian environment. Then we extend our discussion to multiple coupled reservoir environments, which are composed of N coupled dissipative cavities. We show that, the performance of quantum battery can be enhanced by increasing the coupling strength between the nearest-neighbor environments and decreasing the size of the environments. In particular, to fully charge and extract the total stored energy as work for quantum battery can be achieved by manipulating the coupling strength between the nearest-neighbor environments. Our results provide a practical approach for the realization of the optimal quantum batteries in future experiments.
Abstract We study a charger-battery system consisting of two qubits coupled to a common structured reservoir, aimed at revealing how their frequency detunings from the main reservoir frequency and their coupling strengths to the reservoir affect the performance of the quantum battery (QB). It is found that an equal coupling of the qubits to the reservoir is beneficial for enhancing the charging performance. When the frequency detunings are not very large, we have the optimal extractable work and charging efficiency if the detuning of the QB is smaller than that of the charger. But when they are large, the equal detunings yield the optimal extractable work and charging efficiency, and the QB is efficiently charged independently of the system-reservoir coupling strength. Moreover, the increased charging time due to enlarged detunings can be efficiently offset by increasing the system-reservoir coupling strength.
We explore the wireless charging of a quantum battery (QB) via nnn charging units, whose coupling is mediated by a common bosonic reservoir. We consider the general scenarios in which the charger energy is not maximal and the QB has residual ergotropy initially. It is found that the charging performance improves with the increase of the coupling strength. In the strong coupling regime, the charging time is insensitive to the charger energy, the number of charging units, and the residual ergotropy in the QB, while the ergotropy charged on the QB strongly depends on the charger energy and ergotropy, and the residual ergotropy in the QB does not help to enhance its performance. Moreover, the multiple charging units help to enhance the charging performance in the weak and moderate coupling regimes, while they are less efficient in the strong coupling regime.
In quantum mechanics, quantum batteries are devices that can store energy by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics. While quantum batteries has been investigated largely theoretical, recent research indicates that it may be possible to implement such a device using existing technologies. The environment plays an important role in the charging of quantum batteries. If a strong coupling exists between the environment and the battery, then battery can be charged properly. It has also been demonstrated that quantum battery can be charged even in weak coupling regime just by choosing a suitable initial state for battery and charger. In this study, we investigate the charging process of open quantum batteries mediated by a common dissipative environment. We will consider a wireless-like charging scenario, where there is no external power and direct interaction between charger and battery. Moreover, we consider the case in which the battery and charger move inside the environment with a particular speed. Our results demonstrate that the movement of the quantum battery inside the environment has a negative effect on the performance of the quantum batteries during the charging process. It is also shown that the non-Markovian environment has a positive effect on improving battery performance.
ABSTRACT We investigate a quantum battery within an open quantum system, in which a harmonic oscillator acts as the charger and two‐level atoms serve as battery cells. This model accounts for the dissipative effects arising from the coupling between both the charger and battery cells with the environment. By analyzing the time evolution of the battery energy, charging power, ergotropy, and logarithmic negativity, we systematically examine the influence of the number of battery cells and environmental dissipation on battery performance. Our results show that increasing significantly enhances the charging power, exhibiting a collective enhancement effect. Both the atomic number and environmental dissipation strongly affect the ergotropy per atom, but their influences are distinct.