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arXiv:2501.08843 · Physical Review A

Efficient wireless charging of a quantum battery

Ming‐Liang Hu, Ting Gao, Heng Fan

Published Apr 24, 2025• 21 citations
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Abstract

We explore the wireless charging of a quantum battery (QB) via $n$ charging units, whose coupling is mediated by a common bosonic reservoir. We consider the general scenarios in which the charger energy is not maximal and the QB has residual ergotropy initially. It is found that the charging performance improves with the increase of the coupling strength. In the strong coupling regime, the charging time is insensitive to the charger energy, the number of charging units, and the residual ergotropy in the QB, while the ergotropy charged on the QB strongly depends on the charger energy and ergotropy, and the residual ergotropy in the QB does not help to enhance its performance. Moreover, the multiple charging units help to enhance the charging performance in the weak and moderate coupling regimes, while they are less efficient in the strong coupling regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.042216

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We explore the wireless charging of a quantum battery (QB) via nnn charging units, whose coupling is mediated by a common bosonic reservoir. We consider the general scenarios in which the charger energy is not maximal and the QB has residual ergotropy initially. It is found that the charging performance improves with the increase of the coupling strength. In the strong coupling regime, the charging time is insensitive to the charger energy, the number of charging units, and the residual ergotropy in the QB, while the ergotropy charged on the QB strongly depends on the charger energy and ergotropy, and the residual ergotropy in the QB does not help to enhance its performance. Moreover, the multiple charging units help to enhance the charging performance in the weak and moderate coupling regimes, while they are less efficient in the strong coupling regime.
Abstract A quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms is studied, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as the mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy, charging time, and charging efficiency are analyzed, putting emphasis on the role of various control parameters on the charging performance. It is found that there is a range of angle between the transition dipole moments and interatomic axis in which the QB can be charged, and the optimal performance is achieved when the dipole moments are parallel to the interatomic axis. The charging performance also improves with the decrease of the interatomic distance. Besides, the ergotropy charged on the QB can be enhanced by enhancing the initial charger ergotropy and it is beneficial to charge the QB starting from its ground state.
We study the charging process of open quantum batteries mediated by a common dissipative environment in two different scenarios. In the first case, we consider a quantum charger-battery model in the presence of a non-Markovian environment, where the battery can be properly charged in a strong coupling regime, without any external power and any direct interaction with the charger, i.e., a wireless-like charging happens. The environment plays a major role in the charging of the battery, while this does not happen in a weak coupling regime. In the second scenario, we show the effect of individual and collective spontaneous emission rates on the charging process of quantum batteries by considering a two-qubit system in the presence of Markovian dynamics. Our results demonstrate that open batteries can be satisfactorily charged in Markovian dynamics by employing an underdamped regime and/or strong external fields. We also present a robust battery by taking into account subradiant states and an intermediate regime. Moreover, we propose an experimental setup to explore the ergotropy in the first scenario.
Abstract We study a charger-battery system consisting of two qubits coupled to a common structured reservoir, aimed at revealing how their frequency detunings from the main reservoir frequency and their coupling strengths to the reservoir affect the performance of the quantum battery (QB). It is found that an equal coupling of the qubits to the reservoir is beneficial for enhancing the charging performance. When the frequency detunings are not very large, we have the optimal extractable work and charging efficiency if the detuning of the QB is smaller than that of the charger. But when they are large, the equal detunings yield the optimal extractable work and charging efficiency, and the QB is efficiently charged independently of the system-reservoir coupling strength. Moreover, the increased charging time due to enlarged detunings can be efficiently offset by increasing the system-reservoir coupling strength.
Charger-mediated quantum batteries offer promising opportunities for efficient energy transfer and storage at the quantum level, with potential advantages beyond their classical counterparts. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that nonlinear charger-battery interactions can substantially accelerate the charging of quantum batteries. In the weak-driving regime, sufficiently strong nonlinear coupling can dominate over the effect of dephasing and significantly reduce the charging time. In the strong- and optimal-driving regimes, where the optimal driving strength maximizes the steady-state ergotropy in the linear-coupling regime, nonlinear coupling gives rise to a new optimum in the charging time beyond that of the linear-coupling regime, accompanied by nearly critically damped dynamics. Remarkably, even in the absence of external driving, nonlinear coupling alone can substantially reduce the charging time, providing an alternative route toward fast battery charging. Our results establish nonlinear charger-battery coupling as an effective resource for accelerating quantum-battery charging and broaden the scope of interaction-enabled quantum advantages in energy transfer and storage.
We study the effect of parity deformation of the environmental field modes on the wireless charging performance of a qubit-based open quantum battery (QB) consisting of a qubit battery and a qubit charger, where there is no direct interaction between the qubits and the battery is charged by the mediation of the environment. The parity deformation introduces field nonlinearities, as well as qubit-environment intensity-dependent couplings. We analyze in detail charging characteristics-including the charging energy, efficiency, and ergotropy in both the weak and strong coupling regimes-and show that the memory effects of a mediator environment are critical in enhancing the charging performance. In the strong coupling regime, parity deformation of the environment fields can further trigger non-Markovian quantum memory of the charger-battery system, thereby enhancing the QB charging performance based on the non-Markovianity. Surprisingly, if the charging process is Markovian in the absence of the parity deformation, parity deformation is able to induce memory effects in the charger-battery dynamics and transforms the Markovian process to the non-Markovian one. This work highlights that proper engineering of the coupling to an environment can introduce an extra quantum memory source to the underlying charging process in favor of environment-mediated charging of the battery.
In quantum mechanics, quantum batteries are devices that can store energy by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics. While quantum batteries has been investigated largely theoretical, recent research indicates that it may be possible to implement such a device using existing technologies. The environment plays an important role in the charging of quantum batteries. If a strong coupling exists between the environment and the battery, then battery can be charged properly. It has also been demonstrated that quantum battery can be charged even in weak coupling regime just by choosing a suitable initial state for battery and charger. In this study, we investigate the charging process of open quantum batteries mediated by a common dissipative environment. We will consider a wireless-like charging scenario, where there is no external power and direct interaction between charger and battery. Moreover, we consider the case in which the battery and charger move inside the environment with a particular speed. Our results demonstrate that the movement of the quantum battery inside the environment has a negative effect on the performance of the quantum batteries during the charging process. It is also shown that the non-Markovian environment has a positive effect on improving battery performance.