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Laser Physics

Effects of field distribution on the tunneling time of ultracold atoms through high-quality cavities

Fazal Badshah, Yuan Zhou, Abdul Basit, Zia Ullah, Xinke Li, Qing He, Haibo Huang

Published Nov 17, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We explore the traversal essence of the ultracold atoms propagating through high-quality cavities in vacuum, Fock state and coherent field distribution. The atom-field interaction is considered for a two-photon resonance process which transforms into a scattering-like venture with non-zero reflection/transmission probabilities. Here the field statistics strongly effects the interaction process and hence the tunneling time of the incident atoms through the cavity. We examine the propagation of the wave packet peaks associated with the atoms and referred it as the phase time of tunneling. It is found that for suitable field distributions, demeanor of the tunneling time might be smartly transposed from sub- to the super-classical nature. Further, extent and site of the sub- and superclassical peaks on the energy axis can be vigorously managed via the field intensity of the mazer cavity. Moreover, the mazer action (scattering like behavior) can be accomplished even for thermal atoms while using somewhat higher intensities of the field.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aca15b

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Abstract We explore the traversal essence of the ultracold atoms propagating through high-quality cavities in vacuum, Fock state and coherent field distribution. The atom-field interaction is considered for a two-photon resonance process which transforms into a scattering-like venture with non-zero reflection/transmission probabilities. Here the field statistics strongly effects the interaction process and hence the tunneling time of the incident atoms through the cavity. We examine the propagation of the wave packet peaks associated with the atoms and referred it as the phase time of tunneling. It is found that for suitable field distributions, demeanor of the tunneling time might be smartly transposed from sub- to the super-classical nature. Further, extent and site of the sub- and superclassical peaks on the energy axis can be vigorously managed via the field intensity of the mazer cavity. Moreover, the mazer action (scattering like behavior) can be accomplished even for thermal atoms while using somewhat higher intensities of the field.
We examine the traversal aspect of ultracold two-level atoms through a high-quality two-photon mazer with squeezed vacuum and coherent field distributions. Here the net cavity potential is constituted by the coherent addition of multiple barriers and well potentials, which is quite different from the potential offered by a cavity in the Fock or vacuum state. For squeezed vacuum and coherent field distributions, one gets different phase times ( t p h ) for different modes of the distribution, which are then averaged by taking the weighted mean on the t p h over the n-dependent transmission probability. It is found that the nature, intensity of the field, and injected coherence of the incident atoms have a decisive role in controlling peak values and sub- and superclassical traversals of the tunneling atoms. For two of the system’s dressed states ( | Φ b 0 ⟩ , | Φ b 1 ⟩ ), the cavity offers reflectionless transmission, as the atoms experience zero potential due to the dark state formation. Moreover, for a somewhat intense cavity field, mazer action (scattering-type behavior) may be obtained for an extended range of energies due to increased cavity potential in the course of atom–cavity interaction.
Abstract We inspect the tunneling characteristics of ultraslow atoms through the coherent field of a high quality cavity. The potential offered by the cavity is due to multiple barriers and well constituents that dictate propagation of the atoms through the cavity. We examine tunneling time of the traversal corresponding to the maximal constructive/destructive interference by tuning parameters of the injected coherence. It is found that the sub- superclassical character of the tunneling time can be efficiently controlled through the phase of the injected atomic coherence. Further, mazer action (i.e. the scattering like aspect of the interaction) may be obtained for somewhat faster atoms by employing an intense cavity field. For one of the dressed state ( Φ b = b , 0 ), our system offers a free transmission as the incident atoms examine zero potential.
Abstract We study the tunneling time of ultracold V-type atoms interacting a high quality microwave cavity. Here atomic coherence is introduced in the system by a strong driving field which couples the two lower states of the three-level atom. It is found that in the presence of coherence, mazer action or the scattering like nature of the interaction may be examined for extended energies of the incident cold atoms. Our results show that position and amplitudes of the peak values of the phase time (traversal time) may be very effectively controlled by the coherent driving field. Further, here we obtained superclassical values of the phase time corresponding to much higher values of the transmission amplitudes of the tunneling atoms which may be advantageous in the possible experimental realization of the superclassical tunneling time of the traversing cold atoms. In addition, we examine a mirror reflection type symmetry in the phase time curve for a judicious choice of the external driving field .
Abstract We study the tunneling and traversal time of ultracold two-level atoms through a high quality microwave cavity containing N − 1 ground state atoms. The phase time of tunneling may be considered as a measure of the time required to traverse the cavity which exhibits both super and subclassical traversal behaviors. Here we examine that superclassical phase time behavior suppresses with the increase in the number of motionless ground state atoms inside the cavity. It happens due to the multipartite influence in the interaction that traps the incident atom into its upper state such that it does not observe any induced potential. Accordingly, for larger atomic samples, the incident atoms in the initial excited states get perfect transmission and tunnel through the cavity nearly with the same speed as they would have moved through a free space. This is true for any width of potential and the particle’s speed provided that the center-of-mass energy of the incident particle lies in the classically forbidden range.
Abstract We study the tunneling and traversal of ultracold three-level atoms through a high- Q microwave cavity. In particular, we analyzed effects of the atom-field detuning on the tunneling time of ultracold atoms through a two-photon mazer cavity. Here, photons are emitted and absorbed in pairs; therefore, the nature of the interaction is quite different from a single photon mazer. It is found that when an appropriate detuning is introduced, one may obtain alternate positive and negative values of the phase time of tunneling with increasing centre-of-mass energies of the incident atoms. Further, phase time can be switched between the sub- and super-classical characters, and its peak value may be smartly controlled by adjusting the atom-field detuning. More interestingly, we find that phase time rigorously depends on the internal degree of freedom of the interacting atoms, i.e. the final state in which the atoms are exiting the cavity.
We examine the passage of ultracold two-level atoms through the potential produced by the vacuum of the cavity field. We find that the phase time may be considered as the appropriate measure of the time required for the atom to traverse the cavity. The phase tunneling time for ultracold atoms exhibits both super- and sub-classical time and we show how this behavior may be understood in terms of the momentum dependence of the phase of transmission amplitude. The passage of the atom through the cavity is unique, as it involves a coherent addition of the transition amplitudes corresponding to both barrier and well.