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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Submegahertz spectral width photon-pair source based on fused silica microspheres

Erasto Ortiz-Ricardo, Cesar Bertoni-Ocampo, Mónica Maldonado-Terrón, Arturo Sanchez Zurita, Roberto Ramírez-Alarcón, Héctor Cruz Ramírez, Rigoberto Castro‐Beltrán, Alfred B. U’Ren

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate, and characterize, a photon-pair source based on the process of spontaneous four wave mixing in fused-silica microspheres, with single heralded photon bandwidths down to 366kHz [1].
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.fth5c.7

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Submegahertz spectral width photon-pair source based on fused silica microspheres

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We demonstrate, and characterize, a photon-pair source based on the process of spontaneous four wave mixing in fused-silica microspheres, with single heralded photon bandwidths down to 366kHz [1].

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High-efficiency submegahertz bandwidth photon pair generators will enable the field of quantum technology to transition from laboratory demonstrations to transformational applications involving information transfer from photons to atoms. While spontaneous parametric processes are able to achieve high-efficiency photon pair generation, the spectral bandwidth tends to be relatively large, as defined by phase-matching constraints. To solve this fundamental limitation, we use an ultrahigh quality factor ( Q ) fused silica microsphere resonant cavity to form a photon pair generator. We present the full theory for the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process in these devices, fully taking into account all relevant source characteristics in our experiments. The exceptionally narrow (down to kilohertz-scale) linewidths of these devices result in a reduction in the bandwidth of the photon pair generation, allowing submegahertz spectral bandwidth to be achieved. Specifically, using a pump source centered around 1550 nm, photon pairs with the signal and idler modes at wavelengths close to 1540 and 1560 nm, respectively, are demonstrated. We herald a single idler-mode photon by detecting the corresponding signal photon, filtered via transmission through a wavelength division multiplexing channel of choice. We demonstrate the extraction of the spectral profile of a single peak in the single-photon frequency comb from a measurement of the signal–idler time of emission distribution. These improvements in device design and experimental methods enabled the narrowest spectral width ( Δ ν = 366 kHz ) to date in a heralded single-photon source based on SFWM.
Single photon sources are a key building block for quantum information processing. A common approach uses spontaneous emitters based on parametric down conversion and four wave mixing. In 2005 experiments on the first spectrally engineered four wave mixing sources in fibre were published [1,2]. A primary obstacle for photonics to realize quantum-enhanced applications is loss. Designing single photon sources matched to single mode optical fibres greatly reduces coupling losses [3]. In addition, tailoring the phase matching properties of the sources to generate factorable photon pairs makes strong spectral filtering obsolete and thereby avoids the degradation of photon number correlations due to loss.
We propose a dual-pump third-order nonlinear scheme for producing pairs of correlated photons that is less susceptible to Raman noise than typical spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) methods. Beginning with the full multimode Hamiltonian, we derive a general expression for the joint spectral amplitude, from which the probability of producing a pair of photons can be calculated. As an example, we demonstrate that a probability of 0.012 pairs per pulse can be achieved in an appropriately designed fused silica microfiber. As compared with single pump SFWM in standard fiber, we calculate that our process shows significant suppression of the spontaneous Raman scattering and an improvement in the signal to noise ratio.