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arXiv:1606.00091 · APL Photonics

Circumventing spontaneous Raman noise in a correlated photon pair source

Daniel R. Blay, L. G. Helt, Michael J. Steel

Published Sep 1, 2016• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a dual-pump third-order nonlinear scheme for producing pairs of correlated photons that is less susceptible to Raman noise than typical spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) methods. Beginning with the full multimode Hamiltonian, we derive a general expression for the joint spectral amplitude, from which the probability of producing a pair of photons can be calculated. As an example, we demonstrate that a probability of 0.012 pairs per pulse can be achieved in an appropriately designed fused silica microfiber. As compared with single pump SFWM in standard fiber, we calculate that our process shows significant suppression of the spontaneous Raman scattering and an improvement in the signal to noise ratio.

DOI
10.1063/1.4961627

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We propose a dual-pump third-order nonlinear scheme for producing pairs of correlated photons that is less susceptible to Raman noise than typical spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) methods. Beginning with the full multimode Hamiltonian, we derive a general expression for the joint spectral amplitude, from which the probability of producing a pair of photons can be calculated. As an example, we demonstrate that a probability of 0.012 pairs per pulse can be achieved in an appropriately designed fused silica microfiber. As compared with single pump SFWM in standard fiber, we calculate that our process shows significant suppression of the spontaneous Raman scattering and an improvement in the signal to noise ratio.
We present a theoretical study of the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four‐wave mixing (SFWM) in photonic crystal optical fiber. We show that it is possible to engineer two‐photon states with specific spectral entanglement properties suitable for quantum information processing applications. In this work, we concentrate on states exhibiting no spectral correlations in the two‐photon component of the state, which allow heralding of pure‐state, single‐photon wavepackets without the need for spectral post filtering. We present specific source designs which permit both symmetric and asymmetric factorable states, with signal and idler photons in the visible, and sufficiently removed from the pump to ensure suppression of background photons produced by spontaneous Raman scattering.
We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spectral state of the photon pair which shows how this can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate pump bandwidth, fiber length and birefringence. Spontaneous Raman scattering is modeled to determine the tradeoff between SFWM and background Raman noise, and the predicted results are shown to agree with experimental data.
We study the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in photonic crystal optical fibers. We show that it is possible to engineer two-photon states with specific spectral entanglement properties suitable for quantum information processing applica- tions. In this work, we concentrate on inner-loop phasematching, for which signal and idler photons can be generated at a small spectral separation from the pump, while sufficiently removed from the pump to ensure the absence of background photons produced by spontaneous Raman scattering. We present specific source designs which permit both symmetric and asymmetric factorable states, which allow herald- ing of pure-state, single-photon wavepackets without the need for spectral post-filtering. Additionally, we present numerical results for the conversion efficiency, where we compare sources based on inner- and outer-loop phasematching.
We present a general model, based on a Hamiltonian approach, for the joint quantum state of photon pairs generated through pulsed spontaneous four-wave mixing, including nonlinear phase modulation and a finite material response time. For the case of a silica fiber, it is found that the pair-production rate depends weakly on the waveguide temperature, due to higher-order Raman scattering events, and more strongly on pump-pair frequency detuning. From the analytical model, a numerical scheme is derived, based on the well-known split-step method. This scheme allows computation of joint states where nontrivial effects are included, such as group-velocity dispersion and Raman scattering. In this work, the numerical model is used to study the impact of the noninstantaneous response on the prefiltering purity of heralded single photons. We find that for pump pulses shorter than 1 ps, a significant detuning-dependent change in quantum-mechanical purity may be observed in silica. This shows that Raman scattering not only introduces noise, but can also drastically change the spectral correlations in photon pairs when pumped with short pulses.
We study theoretically the joint spectral properties of photon-pairs produced through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) with two spectrally distinct pump pulses in optical fibers. We show that, due to the group velocity difference between the pulses, the signature of the interaction can be significantly different from spontaneous parametric down-conversion or SFWM with a single pump pulse. Specifically, we study the case where temporal walk-off between the pumps enables a gradual turn-on and turn-off of the interaction. By utilizing this property, we develop a new approach towards tailoring the spectral correlations within the generated photon pairs, demonstrating the ability to produce factorable photon-pair states, and hence heralded single photons in a pure wave-packet. We show that the use of two pumps is advantageous over single-pump SFWM approaches towards this goal: the usage of the dual-pump configuration enables, in principle, the creation of completely factorable states without any spectral filtering, even in media for which single-pump SFWM tailoring techniques are unsatisfactory, such as standard polarization-maintaining fiber.
We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of correlated photon pairs in a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, we show that, thanks to the specific Raman properties of liquids, the Raman noise (which is the main limitation of the performance of silica-core fiber-based correlated photon pair sources) is highly reduced. With a demonstrated coincident-to-accidental ratio equal to 63 and a pair generation efficiency of about 10 −4 per pump pulse, this work contributes to the development of high-quality correlated photon pair sources for quantum communications.