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Integrated sources of single photon states based on nonlinear effects

Sébastien Tanzilli

Published Jun 26, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A review on heralded single photon state sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion is presented.

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Single-photon sources are necessary components for many prospective quantum technologies. One candidate for a single-photon source is spontaneous parametric down-conversion combined with a heralding photon detection. The heralded light pulse from such a source is typically treated as single mode; this treatment, however, is incomplete. We develop a full multimode description based on the exact Bogoliubov treatment of the down-conversion process. We then provide a perturbative and effective treatment, which illustrates the most important physical mechanisms and permits analytical estimates of the success probability and purity of single-photon states under practical heralding conditions, both without relying on the precise detection time of the heralding photon and when accepting photons only in a narrow window around the time of the detection. This permits us to characterize the emitted light under three different assumptions for the pump pulse. For spontaneous parametric down-conversion with a very short pump pulse, we find the single-mode description to be accurate, while for longer pump pulses and continuous pumping, a multimode description is necessary. Our findings can be used to guide the design of quantum information protocols based on heralded single-photon sources, as their performance may depend on the multimode nature of the sources.
Abstract Entangled photon sources are desirable and key elements for photonic quantum information processing. The spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) process is a convenient way to produce entangled photon pairs. It has been widely used and has already made great contributions to quantum information science. SPDC sources have been thoroughly studied, and a detailed review, previously lacking, is now appropriate. In this article, different types of SPDC sources suitable for multiphoton experiments are reviewed. A comparison of their respective performances is presented, focusing on the parameters of indistinguishability, collection efficiency, and brightness, from which it is possible to see how the spatial and spectral properties of the SPDC process can be tailored, step by step, to achieve near‐perfect photon pairs. Recent progress on multiplexed heralded single‐photon sources, which effectively mitigate the nondeterministic nature of the SPDC process, is also described.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a laser pumped optical nonlinear medium can produce heralded single photons with a high purity but a very low yield. Improving the yield by increasing the pump power in SPDC inevitably reduces the purity due to excitation of multiphoton events. We propose a scheme to overcome this purity-yield trade-off by suppressing multiphoton events in a cavity-enhanced SPDC via the photon-blockade effect. By introducing a strong photon-photon interaction into the intracavity medium and increasing the pump power, we can improve the available single-photon yield to larger than $90\mathrm{%}$, while keeping the purity high, towards on-demand generation of single photons through the SPDC process. Our quasi-on-demand SPDC sources may boost single-photon-based quantum-information technology.