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Physical Review A

Quantum treatment of cavity-assisted entanglement of three-level atoms and two fields in an electromagnetically-induced-transparency configuration

Xihua Yang, Nicholas R. Brewer, Paul D. Lett

Published Feb 15, 2022• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the field-field and field-atom entanglements generated by \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms placed in an optical cavity driven above threshold by two coherent input optical fields. It is shown that under realistic experimental conditions entanglement between the two output cavity fields as well as between the fields and the atoms can be achieved when the two cavity fields are both one- and two-photon (Raman) resonant with the atomic transitions, as in the configuration for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The entanglement has similar features to pump-signal-idler three-color entanglement in an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator [Villar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140504 (2006)]. This cavity-enhanced atom-field cooperative coupling could enable convenient and efficient generation of bright, nondegenerate, narrow-band entangled fields, which may find potential applications in realistic quantum communications and networking protocols.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.023711

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We examine the field-field and field-atom entanglements generated by \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms placed in an optical cavity driven above threshold by two coherent input optical fields. It is shown that under realistic experimental conditions entanglement between the two output cavity fields as well as between the fields and the atoms can be achieved when the two cavity fields are both one- and two-photon (Raman) resonant with the atomic transitions, as in the configuration for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The entanglement has similar features to pump-signal-idler three-color entanglement in an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator [Villar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140504 (2006)]. This cavity-enhanced atom-field cooperative coupling could enable convenient and efficient generation of bright, nondegenerate, narrow-band entangled fields, which may find potential applications in realistic quantum communications and networking protocols.
Quantum entanglement provides an essential resource for quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum network. How to conveniently and efficiently produce entanglement between bright light beams presents a challenging task to build realistic quantum information processing networks. Here, we present an efficient and convenient way to realize a novel quantum phenomenon, named electromagnetically induced entanglement, in the conventional Λ-type three-level atomic system driven by a strong pump field and a relatively weak probe field. Nearly perfect entanglement between the two fields can be achieved with a low coherence decay rate between the two lower levels, high pump-field intensity, and large optical depth of the atomic ensemble. The physical origin is quantum coherence between the lower doublet produced by the pump and probe fields, similar to the well-known electromagnetically induced transparency. This method would greatly facilitate the generation of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entanglement between bright light beams by using only coherent laser fields, and may find potential and broad applications in realistic quantum information processing.
We present an efficient and convenient scheme to entangle multiple optical fields via electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble. The atomic spin wave, produced through electromagnetically induced transparency in the Lambda-type configuration in an atomic ensemble, can be described by a Bose operator and acts as the entangler. By using the entangler, any desired number of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entangled fields, in principle, can be generated through stimulated Raman scattering processes, which holds great promise for applications in scalable quantum communication and quantum networks.
Quantum entanglement plays an essential role in quantum information processing and quantum networks. One of the commonly-used methods to generate multiple entangled fields is to employ polarizing beam splitters. However, nonclassical input light fields are required and the generated entangled fields are always degenerate in such case. Here, we present a proof-of-principle demonstration of an efficient and convenient way to entangle multiple light fields via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic ensemble. The atomic spin wave, produced through EIT in the Λ-type atomic system, can be described by a Bose operator and can act as an entangler. With such an entangler, any desired number of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entangled fields, in principle, can be generated through stimulated Raman scattering processes. This scheme holds great promise for applications in scalable quantum communication and quantum networks. PACS: 42.50.Gy, 03.67.Bg, 42.50.Dv, 42.65.Lm.
We show that it is possible to achieve laser oscillation and two-mode entanglement by using dressed-state phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a double $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. Under certain conditions, two beams of bichromatic fields induce the depopulation of a coherent superposition state of the two excited states and the quantum beat of a pair of cavity fields. While one of two beams of bichromatic fields dresses the atoms, the other and the pair of cavity fields are in phase-controlled EIT interaction with the dressed atoms. On the basis of this, the pair of cavity fields not only operates well above threshold and exhibit subshot noise but also is in an entangled state. This mechanism suggests an efficient way to achieve bright entangled source of light.
Summary form only given. The study on the interaction between electromagnetic fields and multi-level atoms or molecules has discovered many interesting effects including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enhanced dispersion with reduced absorption, and lasing without inversion. Recent interests include ultraslow group velocity of light, and superluminal light propagation. Atomic coherence created between different atomic levels plays an essential rule in these experiments. On the other hand, quantum features in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and three-level systems based on atomic coherence have attracted extensive theoretical interests. These include generation of amplitude-squeezed and quantum noise-correlated states of light with EIT, entanglement of atomic states with light fields, and quantum memory for light. According to these theoretical works, manipulation of quantum states of either light fields or atoms via atomic coherence is possible. We study quantum state manipulation of light via coherently driven Raman coherence in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level system of rubidium vapor under far off one-photon resonance condition both theoretically and experimentally.
The interaction of classical and quantized electromagnetic fields with an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity is considered. Four fields drive a double-lambda level scheme in the atoms, consisting of a pair of lambda systems sharing the same set of lower levels. Two of the fields produce maximum coherence, rho12 = -1/2, between the ground state sublevels 1 and 2. This pumping scheme involves equal intensity fields that are resonant with both the one and two-photon transitions of the lambda system. There is no steady-state absorption of these fields, implying that the fields induce a type electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in the medium. An additional pair of fields interacting with the second lambda system, combined with the EIT fields, leads to squeezing of the atom spin associated with the ground state sublevels. Our method involves a new mechanism for creating steady-state spin squeezing using an optical cavity. As the cooperativity parameter C is increased, the optimal squeezing varies as C^{-1/3}. For experimentally accessible values of C, squeezing as large as 90% can be achieved.