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arXiv:1505.04490 · Scientific Reports

Electromagnetically Induced Entanglement

Xihua Yang, Min Xiao

Published Aug 28, 2015• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum entanglement provides an essential resource for quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum network. How to conveniently and efficiently produce entanglement between bright light beams presents a challenging task to build realistic quantum information processing networks. Here, we present an efficient and convenient way to realize a novel quantum phenomenon, named electromagnetically induced entanglement, in the conventional Λ-type three-level atomic system driven by a strong pump field and a relatively weak probe field. Nearly perfect entanglement between the two fields can be achieved with a low coherence decay rate between the two lower levels, high pump-field intensity, and large optical depth of the atomic ensemble. The physical origin is quantum coherence between the lower doublet produced by the pump and probe fields, similar to the well-known electromagnetically induced transparency. This method would greatly facilitate the generation of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entanglement between bright light beams by using only coherent laser fields, and may find potential and broad applications in realistic quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1038/srep13609

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We present an efficient and convenient scheme to entangle multiple optical fields via electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble. The atomic spin wave, produced through electromagnetically induced transparency in the Lambda-type configuration in an atomic ensemble, can be described by a Bose operator and acts as the entangler. By using the entangler, any desired number of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entangled fields, in principle, can be generated through stimulated Raman scattering processes, which holds great promise for applications in scalable quantum communication and quantum networks.
We examine the field-field and field-atom entanglements generated by \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atoms placed in an optical cavity driven above threshold by two coherent input optical fields. It is shown that under realistic experimental conditions entanglement between the two output cavity fields as well as between the fields and the atoms can be achieved when the two cavity fields are both one- and two-photon (Raman) resonant with the atomic transitions, as in the configuration for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The entanglement has similar features to pump-signal-idler three-color entanglement in an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator [Villar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140504 (2006)]. This cavity-enhanced atom-field cooperative coupling could enable convenient and efficient generation of bright, nondegenerate, narrow-band entangled fields, which may find potential applications in realistic quantum communications and networking protocols.
We present a special quantum effect named electromagnetically induced squeezing of atomic spin in the conventional Λ-type atomic system driven by a strong pump field and a relatively weak probe field in an atomic ensemble. Nearly perfect atomic spin squeezing in the y component can be achieved with fully on resonance at high pump-field intensity, large optical depth of the atomic ensemble, and a low coherence decay rate between the two lower levels. This method would greatly facilitate the generation of atomic spin squeezing by using only coherent laser fields, and may find potential applications in realistic quantum metrology, quantum computation, and quantum information processing.
Quantum entanglement plays an essential role in quantum information processing and quantum networks. One of the commonly-used methods to generate multiple entangled fields is to employ polarizing beam splitters. However, nonclassical input light fields are required and the generated entangled fields are always degenerate in such case. Here, we present a proof-of-principle demonstration of an efficient and convenient way to entangle multiple light fields via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic ensemble. The atomic spin wave, produced through EIT in the Λ-type atomic system, can be described by a Bose operator and can act as an entangler. With such an entangler, any desired number of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entangled fields, in principle, can be generated through stimulated Raman scattering processes. This scheme holds great promise for applications in scalable quantum communication and quantum networks. PACS: 42.50.Gy, 03.67.Bg, 42.50.Dv, 42.65.Lm.
In contrast to the general argument that the spontaneous decay is intrinsically incoherent in nature and detrimental to quantum entanglement, here, we show that nearly perfect entanglement between two bright pump fields can be realized via spontaneous decay-induced destructive quantum interference in a closed double Lambda-type four-level atomic system with the energy separation of the excited doublet comparable to their decay rates. The high degree of bipartite entanglement results from the cancellation of spontaneous emission and subsequent elimination of the associated noise due to the destructive quantum interference between the two spontaneous emission pathways from the upper doublet to each of the two lower levels when the two strong pump fields are tuned to the particular frequencies where quantum interference takes place. This scheme is particularly suitable for the generation of entanglement between two bright light fields, and may find potential applications in realistic quantum information processing.