Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency of driven-three-level atoms: A transparent window narrowing below a natural width

Abstract

Steady-state dynamics of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom in a ring cavity driven by two coherent fields are studied for arbitrary detunings, arbitrary incoherent pumping, and coherent driving intensities. Effects of both cavity and effective atom number on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are pointed out. New physical pictures for cavity EIT are given in terms of collective cooperative coefficients and dispersion experienced by the probe. In the regime of smaller collective cooperative coefficients, an absorption-gain profile is reduced to that of a general EIT estimated by the imaginary part of a corresponding dipole moment, and its transparency window is directly proportional to power broadening, if the total Rabi frequency is large enough. But in the region of larger collective cooperative coefficients which means a dense atomic medium, longer optical path, or high-Q cavity, EIT is determined not only by the imaginary part but also by the real part of the corresponding dipole moment, which results in the possibility of observing an EIT central peak with a subnatural width, while there may be nearly no power broadening.