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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Kerr Squeezing in Optical Fibers for Sensitivity Enhancement of Interferometers

Nikolay A. Kalinin, Elena A. Anashkina, Gerd Leuchs, Alexey V. Andrianov

Published Jun 20, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We developed a new simple all-fiber setup for generation of polarization-squeezed states. The setup reliably generates −5 ± 0.5 dB of squeezing which is stable for a long time without any adjustments. We applied this polarization squeezed light to a polarization interferometer and demonstrated an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by 4 ± 0.5 dB.

DOI
10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9839696

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We developed a new simple all-fiber setup for generation of polarization-squeezed states. The setup reliably generates −5 ± 0.5 dB of squeezing which is stable for a long time without any adjustments. We applied this polarization squeezed light to a polarization interferometer and demonstrated an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by 4 ± 0.5 dB.
Abstract Squeezed light is one of the resources of photonic quantum technology. Among the various nonlinear interactions capable of generating squeezing, the optical Kerr effect is particularly easy‐to‐use. A popular venue is to generate polarization squeezing, which is a special self‐referencing variant of two‐mode squeezing. To date, polarization squeezing generation setups have been very sensitive to fluctuations of external factors and have required careful tuning. In this work, a development of a new all‐fiber setup for polarization squeezing generation is reported. The setup consists of passive elements only and is simple, robust, and stable. More than 5 dB of directly measured squeezing is obtained over long periods of time without any need for adjustments. Thus, the new scheme provides a robust and easy‐to‐set‐up way of obtaining squeezed light applicable to different applications. The impact of pulse duration and pulse power on the degree of squeezing is investigated.
Enhancement of the sensitivity of a polarization interferometer beyond the limit set by vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field has been obtained with use of squeezed light generated by a KTiOPO4{\mathrm{KTiOPO}}_{4}KTiOPO4​ optical parametric amplifier. The increase in signal-to-noise ratio relative to the shot-noise limit is 2 dB. The corresponding improvement in the response time of the interferometer is measured to be a factor of 1.6.
In many state-of-the-art stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) experiments, shot noise is the dominating noise source. We apply polarization-squeezed light generated in a silica fiber via the Kerr effect for SRS. The non-classical state of light allows for lowering the noise power below the shot noise limit, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In our experiment, we achieved 3.0 dB SNR improvement when compared to coherent state SRS. We additionally investigate spectral focusing of squeezed pulses to improve SRS resolution without loss in SNR.
One of the most promising applications for squeezed light is interferometry beyond the shot-noise limit (SNL). To date, only squeezed light generated by parametric down-conversion has been used to improve interferometer sensitivity. Remarkable results have been achieved with this approach, including applications to large-scale gravitational wave detectors. On the other hand, there exists a potentially more robust way to generate squeezed light, that is, using the optical Kerr effect. It occurs almost for free in optical fibers and requires no phase matching. However, no interferometer sensitivity enhancement has been demonstrated so far using this method. One of the reasons for that is that the uncertainty distribution of a Kerr-squeezed state in phase space is tilted with respect to the amplitude or phase quadratures. Additional obstacles include Raman and guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in fibers.