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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

7.3 dB Polarization Squeezing Using Kerr Effect in Fibers

Nikolay A. Kalinin, Gerd Leuchs, Luis Lorenzo Sánchez-Soto, Alexey V. Andrianov

Published Jan 1, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a record 7.3 dB polarization squeezing generation using Kerr effect in a polarization-maintaining fiber and propose a way to apply such squeezed states for sensitivity enhancements in Michelson-like interferometers.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qm4a.3

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Abstract Squeezed light is one of the resources of photonic quantum technology. Among the various nonlinear interactions capable of generating squeezing, the optical Kerr effect is particularly easy‐to‐use. A popular venue is to generate polarization squeezing, which is a special self‐referencing variant of two‐mode squeezing. To date, polarization squeezing generation setups have been very sensitive to fluctuations of external factors and have required careful tuning. In this work, a development of a new all‐fiber setup for polarization squeezing generation is reported. The setup consists of passive elements only and is simple, robust, and stable. More than 5 dB of directly measured squeezing is obtained over long periods of time without any need for adjustments. Thus, the new scheme provides a robust and easy‐to‐set‐up way of obtaining squeezed light applicable to different applications. The impact of pulse duration and pulse power on the degree of squeezing is investigated.
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of polarization-squeezed light in a short piece of solid-core chalcogenide (ChG) (As2S3) fiber via the Kerr effect for femtosecond pulses at 1.56 µm. Directly measured squeezing of −2.8 dB is obtained in a setup without active stabilization. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results and indicate that the measured squeezing in our setup is mainly limited by the losses in the detection system rather than by the fiber properties.
One of the most promising applications for squeezed light is interferometry beyond the shot-noise limit (SNL). To date, only squeezed light generated by parametric down-conversion has been used to improve interferometer sensitivity. Remarkable results have been achieved with this approach, including applications to large-scale gravitational wave detectors. On the other hand, there exists a potentially more robust way to generate squeezed light, that is, using the optical Kerr effect. It occurs almost for free in optical fibers and requires no phase matching. However, no interferometer sensitivity enhancement has been demonstrated so far using this method. One of the reasons for that is that the uncertainty distribution of a Kerr-squeezed state in phase space is tilted with respect to the amplitude or phase quadratures. Additional obstacles include Raman and guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in fibers.