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Optics Continuum

Interaction-free measurements based communication scheme for long-haul data transfer

Ankan Gayen

Published Jun 8, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A communication scheme based on interaction-free measurements is proposed here, that is applicable for long-haul communications. It is shown that the scheme allows the transmitter to transfer real information at the receiver end in a finite amount of time, which is independent of their distance of separation. Now, as the distance of separation increases, effective speed of information transfer increases due to the constant receive-after-time delay. Hence, this communication technique is faster than the conventional way of information transfer at a speed of light, for communications over long distances.

DOI
10.1364/optcon.448283

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A communication scheme based on interaction-free measurements is proposed here, that is applicable for long-haul communications. It is shown that the scheme allows the transmitter to transfer real information at the receiver end in a finite amount of time, which is independent of their distance of separation. Now, as the distance of separation increases, effective speed of information transfer increases due to the constant receive-after-time delay. Hence, this communication technique is faster than the conventional way of information transfer at a speed of light, for communications over long distances.
In the next years we have to handle the problems originated from the decreasing size of microchips. As everyday life is getting faster it requires researchers and engineers to respond to the growing needs. In telecommunication applications one of the most crucial issue to solve is how to transmit as many bytes at a given frequency in a second as possible. One way to determine the system’s efficiency is to measure the number of bytes sent per second. In this chapter we presented the base of quantum mechanic based communication. We showed that there exist already algorithms to solve problems which are very difficult to be solved by traditional computers. The quantum theory has appeared in satellite communications offering answers for some of nowadays’ technical questions. We introduced two solutions which can be useful in redundancy-free communications. One of the primary requirements of long-distance and free-space quantum communication is the capability of the effective transmission of quantum states in non-ideal, noisy environments. The free-space and satellite quantum channel could be the way to increase significantly the distance limit of current quantum communication systems. The current earthbound freespace quantum channels have the advantage in that they can be combined with satellite quantum communication. In the future, we will be able to overcome the current distance limits in quantum communication by transmitting EPR-states from space to Earth.
Faithful long-distance quantum teleportation necessitates prior entanglement distribution between two communicated locations. The particle carrying on the unknown quantum information is then combined with one particle of the entangled states for Bell-state measurements, which leads to a transfer of the original quantum information onto the other particle of the entangled states. However in most of the implemented teleportation experiments nowadays, the Bell-state measurements are performed even before successful distribution of entanglement. This leads to an instant collapse of the quantum state for the transmitted particle, which is actually a single-particle transmission thereafter. Thus the true distance for quantum teleportation is, in fact, only in a level of meters. In the present experiment we design a novel scheme which has overcome this limit by utilizing fiber as quantum memory. A complete quantum teleportation is achieved upon successful entanglement distribution over 967 meters in public free space. Active feed-forward control techniques are developed for real-time transfer of quantum information. The overall experimental fidelities for teleported states are better than 89.6%, which signify high-quality teleportation.
Abstract As space missions—both manned and unmanned—expand beyond Earth’s orbit, the need for reliable and real-time communication between Earth and distant spacecraft becomes critical. Conventional radio-frequency communication is constrained by the speed of light, resulting in significant signal delays; for example, a message to Mars experiences a minimum one-way delay of approximately 8 minutes. Such delays hinder operational control and decision-making during critical maneuvers or emergencies. This paper explores quantum communication as a potential solution, leveraging quantum entanglement and superposition to establish instantaneous correlations between remote systems. By employing these quantum phenomena, it becomes theoretically possible to achieve real-time information exchange independent of conventional speed-of-light limitations. The study discusses foundational principles, potential implementation in space systems, and implications for future deep-space exploration.
Present understanding of non-possibility of Quantum communication rests on analysis of possibility of signalling within a Quantum system. Is it possible to achieve signalling by a setup where the system is changed from one to another where the act of change serves as the signal and the change in the measurement probabilities would be detected and deciphered at the receiver end? A proposal is made where a variant of Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser experiment setup of Kim et al is used to achieve the same. The setup is also designed such that the speed of communication can be faster than light. NonLocality and Quantum communication Nonlocality is a feature of Quantum Mechanics that has been firmly established through experiments [Aspect et al, 1981] and well accepted now. Entangled particles separated by a distance still are part of one entity and when that entity changes state by a measurement in one part of it the change happens instantaneously across the domain the entity pervades. Is it possible to use this instantaneous state change to transmit information across at high speeds, faster than light (FTL)? This issue has been dealt with from the time the Einstein raised the EPR paradox [Einstein et al,1935] and has been claimed to be impossible and shown to be so by Peres, [Peres and Tenko, 2004] through the no-communication theorem which shows that any amount of signalling by Alice through measurements done at one end of the quantum system would not be sufficient for Bob to detect and decipher at the other end of the system. However the discussions in literature (as above) always deal with information transfer within a stable quantum system by making measurements at one end and analysing the possibility of detecting it at the other end. Peres and Tenko analyse a Quantum System S of mixed-state where Alice and Bob make measurements at their ends of the system. The authors derive the probability that Bob’s outcome is ν as
In general, signal(s) travel form Transmitting Node (Tx) to the Receiving Node (Rx), as most of us knows. What if two signals (One Signal from Tx and other Signal form Rx ) interact in the Free-Space and exchange the information in free space rather than processing the information at the systems ends. This generally reduces the complexity of present day systems. As the information is exchanged and/or communicated between signals in space(Free Space). System resources can be used for other purpose, such as to analyze the information and to increase its graphical interface. In-fact space signal communication would greatly increases the speed of communication. About 20% - 30% of time is saved in exchanging/processing the information between two nodes when compared with the existing system.
In general, signal(s) travel form Transmitting Node (Tx) to the Receiving Node (Rx), as most of us knows. What if two signals (One Signal from Tx and other Signal form Rx ) interact in the Free-Space and exchange the information in free space rather than processing the information at the systems ends. This generally reduces the complexity of present day systems. As the information is exchanged and/or communicated between signals in space(Free Space). System resources can be used for other purpose, such as to analyze the information and to increase its graphical interface. In-fact space signal communication would greatly increases the speed of communication. About 20% - 30% of time is saved in exchanging/processing the information between two nodes when compared with the existing system.