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Chinese Physics B

Generation of entangled TEM01modes with periodically poled KTiOPO4crystal

Rongguo Yang, Jing-jing Wang, Jing Zhang, Hengxin Sun

Published Jul 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spatial quantum optics based on the high-order transverse mode is important for the super-resolution measurement and quantum image beyond the shot noise level. Quantum entanglement of the transverse plane Hermite–Gauss TEM 01 mode has been demonstrated experimentally in this paper. Two squeezed TEM 01 modes, which are generated by a pair of degenerate optical parametric amplifiers (DOPA) with the nonlinear crystals of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 , have been combined to produce TEM 01 mode entanglement using a beam splitter. The 1.5 dB for the sum of amplitude and 1.2 dB for the difference of phase below shot-noise level is achieved with the measurement system of a Bell state detection.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/25/7/074208

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Spatial quantum optics based on the high-order transverse mode is important for the super-resolution measurement and quantum image beyond the shot noise level. Quantum entanglement of the transverse plane Hermite–Gauss TEM 01 mode has been demonstrated experimentally in this paper. Two squeezed TEM 01 modes, which are generated by a pair of degenerate optical parametric amplifiers (DOPA) with the nonlinear crystals of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 , have been combined to produce TEM 01 mode entanglement using a beam splitter. The 1.5 dB for the sum of amplitude and 1.2 dB for the difference of phase below shot-noise level is achieved with the measurement system of a Bell state detection.
Spatial quantum optics and quantum information based on the high order transverse mode are of importance for the super-resolution measurement beyond the quantum noise level. We demonstrated experimentally the transverse plane TEM 01 Hermite—Gauss quantum squeezing. The squeezed TEM 01 mode is generated in a degenerate optical parametric amplifier with the nonlinear crystal of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 . The level of 2.2-dB squeezing is measured using a spatial balance homodyne detection system.
As important members of nonclassical states of light, squeezed states and entangled states are basic resources for realizing quantum measurements and constructing quantum information networks. We experimentally demonstrate that the two types of nonclassical optical states can be generated from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) involving a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal with a domain-inversion period of 51.7 μm, by changing the polarization of the pump laser. When a vertically polarized 671 nm laser is used to pump the OPO, the intra-cavity frequency-down-conversion with type-0 quasi-phase matching is realized and the output optical beam is a quadrature amplitude squeezed state of light at the wavelength of 1342 nm with the fluctuation of quadrature component of 3.17 dB below the quantum noise limit (QNL). If the pump laser is horizontally polarized, the condition of the type-II quasi-phase matching is satisfied and the output optical beam becomes Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state of light with correlation variances of both quadrature amplitude-sum and quadrature phase-difference of 2.2 dB below the corresponding QNL.
Abstract Continuous variable quantum entanglement at a telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm is experimentally generated using a single nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier based on a type-II periodically poled KTiOPO 4 crystal. The triply resonant of the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is adjusted by tuning the crystal temperature and tilting the orientation of the crystal in the optical cavity. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen-entangled beams with quantum correlations of 8.3 dB for both the amplitude and phase quadratures are experimentally generated. This system can be used for continuous variable fibre-based quantum communication.
We report on the generation of broadband pulsed quadrature entanglement by combining two squeezed vacua, which are generated from two degenerate optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), on a beam splitter. With a single pass through OPA, in which a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is used as a nonlinear material, the noise reduction of $3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB below the shot noise limit is observed with a bandwidth of more than 200 MHz. The entanglement correlation or EPR correlation is confirmed with a sufficient criterion $⟨{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}({X}_{a}+{X}_{b})⟩+⟨{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}({Y}_{a}\ensuremath{-}{Y}_{b})⟩=1.28<2$.
We demonstrate quantum correlations in the transverse plane of continuous wave light beams by producing −4.0 dB, −2.6 dB and −1.5 dB of squeezing in the TEM00, TEM10 and TEM20 Hermite-Gauss modes with an optical parametric amplifier, respectively. This has potential applications in quantum information networking, enabling parallel quantum information processing. We describe the setup for the generation of squeezing and analyse the effects of various experimental issues such as mode overlap between pump and seed and nonlinear losses.