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Chinese Physics B

Generation of squeezed TEM01modes with periodically poled KTiOPO4crystal

Rongguo Yang, Hengxin Sun, Junxiang Zhang, Jiangrui Gao

Published Jun 1, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spatial quantum optics and quantum information based on the high order transverse mode are of importance for the super-resolution measurement beyond the quantum noise level. We demonstrated experimentally the transverse plane TEM 01 Hermite—Gauss quantum squeezing. The squeezed TEM 01 mode is generated in a degenerate optical parametric amplifier with the nonlinear crystal of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 . The level of 2.2-dB squeezing is measured using a spatial balance homodyne detection system.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/6/060305

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Spatial quantum optics and quantum information based on the high order transverse mode are of importance for the super-resolution measurement beyond the quantum noise level. We demonstrated experimentally the transverse plane TEM 01 Hermite—Gauss quantum squeezing. The squeezed TEM 01 mode is generated in a degenerate optical parametric amplifier with the nonlinear crystal of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 . The level of 2.2-dB squeezing is measured using a spatial balance homodyne detection system.
Spatial quantum optics based on the high-order transverse mode is important for the super-resolution measurement and quantum image beyond the shot noise level. Quantum entanglement of the transverse plane Hermite–Gauss TEM 01 mode has been demonstrated experimentally in this paper. Two squeezed TEM 01 modes, which are generated by a pair of degenerate optical parametric amplifiers (DOPA) with the nonlinear crystals of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 , have been combined to produce TEM 01 mode entanglement using a beam splitter. The 1.5 dB for the sum of amplitude and 1.2 dB for the difference of phase below shot-noise level is achieved with the measurement system of a Bell state detection.
We demonstrate the methods for increasing the observed squeezing level in the generation of squeezed states of light at 1064 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. We analyze the technical limits to the reduction of noise in the squeezed quadrature theoretically, including the intra-cavity loss of the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) cavity, the normalized amplitude, the detection frequency, and the mode matching on the balanced homodyning stage. To observe a high degree of squeezing, we improve the quality of mode matching into the OPA cavity and the mode cleaning (MC) cavity experimentally. By optimizing mode matching of the light into cavities, the finesse of the cavities would be higher in practice and the desirable spatial mode can be realized. As the intensity noise of the laser light reach the shot noise limit above the frequency of 1 MHz, which is sufficient for our experiment, so the MC cavity is incorporated to filter higher-order transverse modes of the local oscillator (LO) beam for the balanced homodyne detection. The experimental and theoretical results show that it is essential to optimize the mode matching efficiency to generate and detect high degree of squeezing otherwise an inefficiency mode matching will throw away the squeezing and transform the squeezed field into a vacuum field.
We demonstrate quantum correlations in the transverse plane of continuous wave light beams by producing −4.0 dB, −2.6 dB and −1.5 dB of squeezing in the TEM00, TEM10 and TEM20 Hermite-Gauss modes with an optical parametric amplifier, respectively. This has potential applications in quantum information networking, enabling parallel quantum information processing. We describe the setup for the generation of squeezing and analyse the effects of various experimental issues such as mode overlap between pump and seed and nonlinear losses.
We report on the generation of a squeezing vacuum at 1.55 μm using an optical parametric amplifier based on periodically poled LiNbO 3 . Using three specifically designed narrow linewidth mode cleaners as the spatial mode and noise filter of the laser at 1.55 μm and 775 nm, the squeezed vacuum of up to 3.0 dB below the shot noise level at 1.55 μm is experimentally obtained. This system is compatible with standard telecommunication optical fibers, and will be useful for continuous variable long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing.