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Electronics Letters

interview

anonymous

Published Nov 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

equipment is needed except the smartphone itself.Back in my PhD days, working on microstructure imaging, our group confi rmed by experiment that in certain conditions, shot noise other than thermal noise can dominate the overall noise characteristics of a high-sensitivity CCD image sensor.Commonly speaking, shot noise of photocurrent is believed to be a quantum process and true random number could be generated accordingly.However, the performance of image sensors on smartphones were not as good then.Two or three years later, I saw a picture taken by my colleague's latest phone, and thought maybe it was time to realise the portable TRNG with smartphone camera.

DOI
10.1049/el.2014.3923

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equipment is needed except the smartphone itself.Back in my PhD days, working on microstructure imaging, our group confi rmed by experiment that in certain conditions, shot noise other than thermal noise can dominate the overall noise characteristics of a high-sensitivity CCD image sensor.Commonly speaking, shot noise of photocurrent is believed to be a quantum process and true random number could be generated accordingly.However, the performance of image sensors on smartphones were not as good then.Two or three years later, I saw a picture taken by my colleague's latest phone, and thought maybe it was time to realise the portable TRNG with smartphone camera.
The true random number generator (TRNG) is an invaluable resource for many applications. Present TRNG methods all require specialised and expensive hardware, which are not suitable for personal use. A portable TRNG configuration is proposed, which is simply based on the camera of a commercial smartphone. No other auxiliary equipment except the mobile phone itself was needed, which offers a promising solution for personal encryption applications. With the flash lamp of the camera and the thumb of the operator, quasi‐uniform illumination was obtained, setting the image sensor at a working point where the shot noise of the photocurrent dominates the overall characteristics of the sensor output noise. Random bits were first produced according to the shot noise and then entropy enhanced by vector–matrix multiplication. A sequence of 10 9 bits was produced and its randomness has been proved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests.
The double-slit experiment has been a cornerstone in understanding modern-day physics.From interference of photons, and electrons to Bose-Einstein condensates, it has been the most fundamental measure of the quantum nature of a particle.In this work, it has been tried to make this experiment more accessible by using a phone camera and readily available apparatus.A smartphone camera uses a CMOS sensor.This is a sensitive sensor and in principle can also be used to observe ionized electrons produced by gamma rays.If a double slit is placed over a smartphone camera, an interference pattern can be observed by using the proper thresholding and image processing algorithms.In this work, an experiment has been designed that shows this most fundamental quantum phenomenon through a normal phone camera.
We study an efficient algorithm to extract quantum random numbers (QRN) from the raw data obtained by charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based sensors, like a camera used in a commercial smartphone. Based on NIST statistical test for random number generators, the proposed algorithm has a high QRN generation rate and high statistical randomness. This algorithm provides a kind of simple, low-priced and reliable devices as a QRN generator for quantum key distribution (QKD) or other cryptographic applications.