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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

A novel quantum random number generation algorithm used by smartphone camera

Nan Wu, Kun Wang, Haixing Hu, Fangmin Song, Xiangdong Li

Published May 21, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study an efficient algorithm to extract quantum random numbers (QRN) from the raw data obtained by charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based sensors, like a camera used in a commercial smartphone. Based on NIST statistical test for random number generators, the proposed algorithm has a high QRN generation rate and high statistical randomness. This algorithm provides a kind of simple, low-priced and reliable devices as a QRN generator for quantum key distribution (QKD) or other cryptographic applications.

DOI
10.1117/12.2183338

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Random Numbers determine the security level of cryptographic applications as they are used to generate padding schemes in the encryption/decryption process as well as used to generate cryptographic keys.This paper utilizes the QKD to generate a random quantum bit rely on BB84 protocol, using the NIST and DIEHARD randomness test algorithms to test and evaluate the randomness rates for key generation.The results show that the bits generated using QKD are truly random, which in turn, overcomes the distance limitation (associated with QKD) issue, its well-known challenges with the sending/ receiving data process between different communication parties.
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are crucial components for security applications, but the on-chip integration is often blocked by the incompatibility of mainstream optical schemes with standard Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) processes. In this study, artificially designed quantum dots are built in a low-doped silicon nanowire using local doping method. Which is fully CMOS-compatible. By manipulating the gate voltage (Vg) of the silicon nanowire device with a drain voltage (Vd) of 50 mV, a 1 1 high/low ratio is almost achieved as the quantum-induced random telegraph signal (RTS) at Vg = -270 mV. The binary sequence generated through sampling exhibits near-ideal Shannon entropy (binary: 0.999998, quaternary: 1.999996) and passed 88.89% of the tests in the NIST statistical test suite. This work provides a feasible design and fabrication strategy for RTS devices used as QRNGs, facilitating the observation of RTS at room temperature and ensuring compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes.
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A small-sized photonic quantum random number generator, easy to be implemented in small electronic devices for secure data encryption and other applications, is highly demanding nowadays. Here, we propose a compact configuration with Silicon nanocrystals large area light emitting device (LED) coupled to a Silicon photomultiplier to generate random numbers. The random number generation methodology is based on the photon arrival time and is robust against the non-idealities of the detector and the source of quantum entropy. The raw data show high quality of randomness and pass all the statistical tests in national institute of standards and technology tests (NIST) suite without a post-processing algorithm. The highest bit rate is 0.5 Mbps with the efficiency of 4 bits per detected photon.