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Birkhäuser Boston eBooks

Superfluid Flow Around an Obstacle

Published Oct 13, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this chapter, we address another issue related to superfluidity: the existence of a dissipationless flow induced by the motion of a macroscopic object in a superfluid. The nucleation of vortices corresponds to the breakdown of this dissipationless phenomenon. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

DOI
10.1007/0-8176-4492-x_7

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In this chapter, we address another issue related to superfluidity: the existence of a dissipationless flow induced by the motion of a macroscopic object in a superfluid. The nucleation of vortices corresponds to the breakdown of this dissipationless phenomenon. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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An object can move through a superfluid without resistance provided that its speed is below a critical value; higher speeds result in the formation of vortices, which are small volumes of normal fluid and superfluid that rotate and dissipate energy. Although the dynamics of these vortices are considered to be crucial in understanding superfluidity, the strong and complex interactions of the superfluid, dissipative forces, and surface effects in most superfluids (such as liquid helium) all combine to obscure observations.
This chapter is a brief overview of the physics governing processes at the nanoscale. We are used to the macroscopic world and have developed an understanding, based on what is usually called “classical physics” of the behavior of the objects that we see with our eyes. However, classical physics is not able to explain certain phenomena occurring at the atomic or molecular level or below. Compared to macroscopic systems, quantum effects can become important and certain classical physical effects, which are negligible for macroscopic objects, can become prominent. We present here some new aspects showing how nano-objects behave compared to what is expected by extrapolating our knowledge on macroscopic systems. Further items will be introduced in the subsequent chapters when needed. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
In the previous chapter the motion of the “analogon-machine” was studied in case the torsional spring shown in Fig. 7.3 was removed. Our laboratory set-up thereby became the analogue of a free-flying droplet of charge. In the present chapter the analogue of a potential well will be studied. It is shown that energy quantisation is found, identical to the results of quantum mechanics. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.