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Science

Electrically Excited Single Photons

Published Jan 4, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1126/science.295.5552.9b

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Optical sources that deliver single photons on demand play a key role in quantum cryptography and optical quantum computations. At present, color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond, are considered to be the most promising candidates for practical quantum information applications owing to their unique emission properties at room temperature. However, for practical reasons, single-photon sources should be pumped electrically, which is required for integrability, scalability, and energy efficiency. However, diamond and related wide-bandgap semiconductor materials are at the interface between insulators and semiconductors, which makes electrical excitation of color centers very challenging. Here, we report on our progress in the understanding of single-photon electroluminescence of color centers in diamond, discuss different factors affecting the brightness of these emitter under electrical excitation, and study how to improve the performance of electrically- pumped single-photon sources based on color centers in diamond.
We report experiments in which positronium (Ps) atoms are produced in the 23S12\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}S_{1}23S1​ level by single-photon excitation from the ground state. To accomplish this, Stark-mixed n=2n=2n=2 states were optically excited in electric fields. By adiabatically switching off the electric field after laser excitation, some of the mixed states evolved into pure 23S12\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}S_{1}23S1​ levels, whose presence was detected via the time dependence of their annihilation $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation. The observed $\ensuremath{\approx}4%$ production efficiency relative to that of Rydberg Ps states is consistent with a Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account the rate at which the electric fields were switched off.