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Optics Express

Contradiction within wave optics and its solution within a particle picture: reply

Konrad Altmann

Published Jan 26, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The comment on the paper "Contradiction within wave optics and its solution within a particle picture," [Opt. Express 23, 3731 (2015)10.1364/OE.23.003731] is discussed.
DOI
10.1364/oe.24.002108

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Contradiction within wave optics and its solution within a particle picture: comment

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An error in the rationale presented in the paper "Contradiction within wave optics and its solution within a particle picture" by Altmann [Opt. Express 23, 3731 (2015)10.1364/OE.23.003731] is discussed.

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We appreciate the Comment by Glückstad et al. [Opt. Lett. 28, 1075 (2003)] in the sense that it allows us to clarify an inherent possibility of counterfeiting phase-only encrypted information and some important points in our original Letter [Opt. Lett. 28, 304 (2003)]. We also take this opportunity to show the usefulness of the method that we described.

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The Comment ( 10.1364/OE.548099 ) is related to the theoretical model in our paper, Opt. Express 32 , 40150 ( 2024 ) 10.1364/OE.531674 , used to describe the experimental result. The role of coincidence counting in our experiment is central; it serves as a crucial post-selection mechanism to isolate the most likely entangled photon pairs even when a significant fraction of photons are lost in one arm. To model the experimentally obtained results, in the paper two theoretical approaches were presented to model the photon loss, one to detect the presence of object (using the constant S value we get even when coincidence photon counts rate reduce) and the other to estimate the reflectivity of the object (normalized S value change with decrease in coincidence rate with reflectivity η ). From the Comment, we gather that the second approach we have used to model photon loss and post-select is incorrect. To make it clear and complete, we have extended the first approach of using the complete Kraus operator to describe the dynamics from which we can detect the object and also estimate the reflectivity of the object. It accurately captures the experimental construct and is consistent with the results obtained from the measurable quantities. The second approach, using Kraus like operator M , which is erroneous, will be redundant.

Optics Express•Aug 13, 2025•0 citations
Abstract: We study quantitatively the weak source of noise that is presentwhen correlated photons are produced via four wave mixing in siliconnanophotonic waveguides. First, we deduce the amont of noise from thedependance of the photon flux on the pump power. Second we cara cterisethe spectrum of the noise and of the pairs of photons which shows that thenoise is due to a scattering of photons by a thermal bath. Third we show thatthe photon flux (noise plus pairs) is essentially instantane ous, and cannottherefore be attributed to carrier induced effects. We discuss our results andcompare them to photon pair generation in silica fibers. © 2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (270.0270) Quantum optics; (270.2500) Quantum optics, Fluctuations, relax-ations, and noise; (190.3270) Nonlinear optics, Ker effect; (190.5650) Nonlinear optics, Ramanscattering References and links 1. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge, 2000).2. M. Fiorentino, P. L. Voss, J. E. Sharping, and P. Kumar, ”All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communica-tions,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 983 (2002).3. X. Li, J. Chen, P. Voss, J. Sharping, and P. Kumar, ”All-fiber photon-pair source for quantumcommunications: Improved generation of correlated photons,” Opt. Express 12, 3737-3744 (2004),http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-16-3737.4. H. Takesue and K. Inoue, ”Generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs and violation of Bells inequalityusing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a fiber loop,” Phys. Rev. A 70, 031802(R) (2004).5. J. E. Sharping, K. F. Lee, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, A. L. Gaeta, and P. Kumar,”Generation of correlated photons in nanoscale silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express 14, 12388-12393 (2006),http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-25-12388.6. Q. Lin and Govind P. Agrawal, ”Silicon waveguides for creating quantum-correlated photon pairs”, Opt. Lett.21, 3140–3142 (2006), http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-31-21-3140.7. H. Takesue, Y. Tokura, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and S.-I. Itabashi, ”Entanglementgeneration using silicon wire waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201108 (2007).8. H. Takesue, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, Y. Tokura, and S.-I. Itabashi, ”Generationof polarization entangled photon pairs using silicon wire waveguide,” Opt. Express 16, 5721-5727 (2008),http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-8-5721.
The Comment ( 10.1364/OE.548099 ) is related to the theoretical model in our paper, Opt. Express 32 , 40150 ( 2024 ) 10.1364/OE.531674 , used to describe the experimental result. The role of coincidence counting in our experiment is central; it serves as a crucial post-selection mechanism to isolate the most likely entangled photon pairs even when a significant fraction of photons are lost in one arm. To model the experimentally obtained results, in the paper two theoretical approaches were presented to model the photon loss, one to detect the presence of object (using the constant S value we get even when coincidence photon counts rate reduce) and the other to estimate the reflectivity of the object (normalized S value change with decrease in coincidence rate with reflectivity η ). From the Comment, we gather that the second approach we have used to model photon loss and post-select is incorrect. To make it clear and complete, we have extended the first approach of using the complete Kraus operator to describe the dynamics from which we can detect the object and also estimate the reflectivity of the object. It accurately captures the experimental construct and is consistent with the results obtained from the measurable quantities. The second approach, using Kraus like operator M , which is erroneous, will be redundant.