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Physics World

Teleportation takes off

Published Jan 1, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum teleportation – the transmission and reconstruction of a quantum system over arbitrary distances – has been demonstrated for the first time by a group from the University of Innsbruck in Austria (Nature 1997 390 575). In addition to fundamental tests of quantum theory, the Innsbruck team says that teleportation will be a critical ingredient for quantum computation.

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/11/1/2

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IEEE Spectrum•Sep 1, 2004•2 citations
Quantum teleportation – the transmission and reconstruction of a quantum system over arbitrary distances – has been demonstrated for the first time by a group from the University of Innsbruck in Austria (Nature 1997 390 575). In addition to fundamental tests of quantum theory, the Innsbruck team says that teleportation will be a critical ingredient for quantum computation.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck in Austria have shown that part of the spin orientation of a photon of light can be transferred instantaneously to another photon, irrespective of distance. This work is being called the first experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation--the transfer of a quantum state from one particle to another, first proposed by IBM9s Charles Bennett and his collaborators in 1993. Quantum teleportation could have applications in quantum computing, say researchers, such as in constructing stable memories, protecting delicate quantum states, and communicating between quantum computers.
The article on quantum teleportation (January p5), which said that this phenomenon had been demonstrated for the first time by a group from the University of Innsbruck, is not quite correct. The first successful quantum teleportation experiment was in fact performed by our group in Rome. Our paper, "Experimental realisation of teleporting an unknown pure quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels" (D Boschi et al. 1998 Phys. Rev. Iett. 80 1121), was submitted in July of last year and published last month. The teleportation paper by the Innsbruck group, led by Anton Zeilinger, was submitted on 16 October of last year and published in December (Bouwmeester et al. 1997 Nature390 575).
If you've heard the reports that teleportation has been achieved, and you're anxious about the implications for investments in the transportation sector, you can relax and instead look to physics futures for the payoff. Quantum teleportation as it currently exists involves the delicate dismantlement of an individual photon's quantum state and its reconstruction about a meter away. Although that may sound less exciting than the transport of starship captains from orbit to planet surface it should lead to new tests of the non-existence of what Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen called local “elements of reality.”
Quantum teleportation is one of the most striking consequence of quantum mechanics and is defined as the transmission and reconstruction of an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances. This concept was introduced for the first time in 1993 by Charles Bennett and coworkers, it has then been experimentally demonstrated by several groups under different conditions of distance, amount of particles and even with feed forward. After 20 years from its first realization, this contribution reviews the experimental implementations realized at the Quantum Optics Group of the University of Rome La Sapienza.
Physicists in Austria and the US have shown for the first time how to teleport the properties of one atom to another. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a team of teleporters trapped three beryllium ions. The ions - beryllium atoms with missing electrons and hence a positive charge - are subjected to forces from electric fields so that they can be held in an ion trap. Here, radio waves and electric fields from a set of electrodes hold the ions in a line but also allow them to be moved from one segment of the trap to the other. This way, ions could be brought over to the different laser beams used for entanglement and for the measurement of quantum states. Two atoms can be entangled by simultaneously undergoing changes in quantum state when hit with a specific series of laser pulses. The same teleportation protocol was used by another team at Innsbruck University. However, this team used a different type of trap, one with no segments. Instead of moving the ions to the lasers, the team was able to aim the lasers well enough so that they could move the laser beams to the ions. These simple trap systems have been found to be very promising and may first be applied in a specialized computer called quantum repeater. This kind of device, though still the stuff of mere theory, would extend the range of wiretap-proof quantum communication systems that encode messages in the polarization of photons.