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Physics Today

Quantum Teleportation Channels Opened in Rome and Innsbruck

Graham P. Collins

Published Feb 1, 1998• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

If you've heard the reports that teleportation has been achieved, and you're anxious about the implications for investments in the transportation sector, you can relax and instead look to physics futures for the payoff. Quantum teleportation as it currently exists involves the delicate dismantlement of an individual photon's quantum state and its reconstruction about a meter away. Although that may sound less exciting than the transport of starship captains from orbit to planet surface it should lead to new tests of the non-existence of what Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen called local “elements of reality.”

DOI
10.1063/1.882136

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If you've heard the reports that teleportation has been achieved, and you're anxious about the implications for investments in the transportation sector, you can relax and instead look to physics futures for the payoff. Quantum teleportation as it currently exists involves the delicate dismantlement of an individual photon's quantum state and its reconstruction about a meter away. Although that may sound less exciting than the transport of starship captains from orbit to planet surface it should lead to new tests of the non-existence of what Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen called local “elements of reality.”
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck in Austria have shown that part of the spin orientation of a photon of light can be transferred instantaneously to another photon, irrespective of distance. This work is being called the first experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation--the transfer of a quantum state from one particle to another, first proposed by IBM9s Charles Bennett and his collaborators in 1993. Quantum teleportation could have applications in quantum computing, say researchers, such as in constructing stable memories, protecting delicate quantum states, and communicating between quantum computers.
In 1935, Albert Einstein and two colleagues, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (EPR) developed a thought experiment to demonstrate what they felt was a lack of completeness in quantum mechanics (QM). EPR also postulated the existence of more fundamental theory where physical reality of any system would be completely described by the variables/states of that fundamental theory. This variable is commonly called hidden variable and the theory is called hidden variable theory (HVT). In 1964, John Bell proposed an empirically verifiable criterion to test for the existence of these HVTs. He derived an inequality, which must be satisfied by any theory that fulfill the conditions of locality and reality. He also showed that QM, as it violates this inequality, is incompatible with any local-realistic theory. Later it has been shown that Bell’s inequality (BI) can be derived from different set of assumptions and it also find applications in useful information theoretic protocols. In this review, we will discuss various foundational as well as information theoretic implications of BI. We will also discuss about some restricted nonlocal feature of quantum nonlocality and elaborate the role of Uncertainty principle and Complementarity principle in explaining this feature.