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Optics Express

Stable entanglement and one-way steering via engineering of a single-atom reservoir

Fei Wang, Chaowen Wang, Kang Shen, Xiangming Hu

Published Apr 18, 2022• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we reexamine the quantum correlations in a four-state single-atom system in the weak coupling regime, aiming at the realization of stable entanglement and one-way steering via dissipation rather than coherent evolution process. Under the near-resonant conditions, we find out that a single atom can act as a reservoir and behave like a two-level system with a single dissipation channel, through which the composite Bogoliubov mode will evolve into a vacuum state, resulting in the appearance of stationary entanglement between two original modes. In addition, the one-way steering is generated when the symmetry is broken by choosing asymmetrical coupling constants. The present scheme may provide convenience for experimental implement and find applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/oe.452974

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In this paper, we reexamine the quantum correlations in a four-state single-atom system in the weak coupling regime, aiming at the realization of stable entanglement and one-way steering via dissipation rather than coherent evolution process. Under the near-resonant conditions, we find out that a single atom can act as a reservoir and behave like a two-level system with a single dissipation channel, through which the composite Bogoliubov mode will evolve into a vacuum state, resulting in the appearance of stationary entanglement between two original modes. In addition, the one-way steering is generated when the symmetry is broken by choosing asymmetrical coupling constants. The present scheme may provide convenience for experimental implement and find applications in quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme for establishing the stationary one-way quantum steering in a three-level Λ-type atomic ensemble. In our system, the cavity modes are generated from two atomic dipole-allowed transitions, which are in turn driven by two external classical fields. The atomic ensemble can act as an engineered reservoir to put two cavity modes into a squeezed state by two Bogoliubov dissipation pathways. When the damping rates of the two cavity modes are different, the steady-state one-way quantum steering of the intracavity and output fields is presented by adjusting the normalized detuning. The physical mechanism is analyzed based on a dressed state representation and Bogoliubov mode transformation. The achieved optical one-way quantum steering scheme has potential applications in quantum secret information sharing protocols.
We explore the asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of field modes via atomic coherent effects. A resonant four-level system in double-cascade configuration is under our consideration, where the atoms are excited by the applied fields from one cascade channel and two cavity modes are generated from the other cascade transition. The results show two cavity modes are suitable for achieving the steady-state one-way EPR steering. We analyze the physics in terms of the dressed-atom Bogoliubov-field-mode approach. It is found that one of two Bogoliubov modes is mediated by the resonant coupling of the dressed atoms and the other is decoupled from them. This leads to the so-called one-channel dissipation, by which the dressed atoms absorb the average excitations from one transformed mode and then two original modes are pulled into the asymmetric correlation. Remarkably, the present scheme is focused on the full-resonant interaction not only between the classical fields, the cavity modes and the bare atoms, but also between the Bogoliubov modes and dressed atoms, which will induce the one-way steering simply via adjusting the intensity of an external field. Furthermore, the EPR steering could occur between the field modes with the large frequency difference, such as optical and microwave fields, which is more useful for the practical quantum communication. Based on the one-channel dissipation, the obtainable one-way EPR steering is rather against the dynamic fluctuations and is regardless of the initial state.
It is shown that the reservoir engineering can be controlled by the collective phase Φ of three coherent fields interacting with a closed Δ-type atom. We find that the atomic system acts as a one-channel dissipation reservoir when Φ = 0(π), but it behaves as a two-channel dissipation reservoir for Φ ≠ 0(π). The phase-dependent reservoir engineering provides a convenient way to produce robust two-mode squeezing and entanglement, which may find potential applications in quantum information processing.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering as a form of quantum correlation lies between entanglement and Bell nonlocality and exhibits an inherent asymmetry between two observers. We study EPR steering of two fields, which are generated via four-wave mixing processes and are entangled with each other due to the dissipation of the atomic reservoir. It is shown that the one-way steering happens from one mode to the other for different cavity decay rates and not too small cooperation parameters. Depending on the adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions, the one-way steering occurs in a different detuning region when the cooperation parameters are relatively small. An increase in the cooperation parameters leads to an increase both in the parameter region and in the degree for the one-way steering. Finally we generalize the present scheme to the cases of the bright and/or collective fields.
The correlated emission lasing (CEL) is experimentally demonstrated in harmonic oscillators coupled via a single three-level artificial atom [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 223603 (2015)] in which two-mode entanglement only exists in a certain time period when the harmonic oscillators are resonant with the atomic transitions. Here we examine this system and show that it is possible to obtain the steady-state entanglement when the two harmonic oscillators are resonant with Rabi sidebands. Applying dressed atomic states and Bogoliubov-mode transformation, we obtain the analytical results of the variance sum of a pair of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-like operators. The stable entanglement originates from the dissipation process of the Bogoliubov modes because the atomic system can act as a reservoir in dressed state representation. We also show that the entanglement is robust against the dephasing rates of the superconducing atom, which is expected to have important applications in quantum information processing.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering manifests a type of quantum correlations intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In this paper we propose a scheme for realizing hybrid atom-mechanical quantum steering in the steady-state regime. In our scheme, an optomechanical two-mode cavity is coupled to a distant ensemble of double-$\ensuremath{\lambda}$ atoms in a cascade way, which induces the dissipative interaction between the mechanics and the internal atomic states. We show that strong cavity dissipation can lead to two-way atom-mechanical steering and the optimal steering exhibited in an approximate two-mode squeezed-vacuum atom-mechanical state. Moreover, we find that for the present cascade coupling scheme, the one-way steering from the mechanical oscillator to the atoms is achievable under certain conditions, while the reverse one-way steering is impossible to obtain. The reason for achieving the asymmetric steering is analyzed and the effect of mechanical thermal noise on the steering is also studied.