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Chinese Physics B

Controlling stationary one-way steering in a three-level atomic ensemble

Jie 洁 Peng 彭, Jun Xu, Hua-Zhong 华忠 Liu 刘, Zhang-Li 章丽 Lai 赖

Published Sep 9, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for establishing the stationary one-way quantum steering in a three-level Λ-type atomic ensemble. In our system, the cavity modes are generated from two atomic dipole-allowed transitions, which are in turn driven by two external classical fields. The atomic ensemble can act as an engineered reservoir to put two cavity modes into a squeezed state by two Bogoliubov dissipation pathways. When the damping rates of the two cavity modes are different, the steady-state one-way quantum steering of the intracavity and output fields is presented by adjusting the normalized detuning. The physical mechanism is analyzed based on a dressed state representation and Bogoliubov mode transformation. The achieved optical one-way quantum steering scheme has potential applications in quantum secret information sharing protocols.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/acf82b

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We propose a scheme for establishing the stationary one-way quantum steering in a three-level Λ-type atomic ensemble. In our system, the cavity modes are generated from two atomic dipole-allowed transitions, which are in turn driven by two external classical fields. The atomic ensemble can act as an engineered reservoir to put two cavity modes into a squeezed state by two Bogoliubov dissipation pathways. When the damping rates of the two cavity modes are different, the steady-state one-way quantum steering of the intracavity and output fields is presented by adjusting the normalized detuning. The physical mechanism is analyzed based on a dressed state representation and Bogoliubov mode transformation. The achieved optical one-way quantum steering scheme has potential applications in quantum secret information sharing protocols.
We explore the asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of field modes via atomic coherent effects. A resonant four-level system in double-cascade configuration is under our consideration, where the atoms are excited by the applied fields from one cascade channel and two cavity modes are generated from the other cascade transition. The results show two cavity modes are suitable for achieving the steady-state one-way EPR steering. We analyze the physics in terms of the dressed-atom Bogoliubov-field-mode approach. It is found that one of two Bogoliubov modes is mediated by the resonant coupling of the dressed atoms and the other is decoupled from them. This leads to the so-called one-channel dissipation, by which the dressed atoms absorb the average excitations from one transformed mode and then two original modes are pulled into the asymmetric correlation. Remarkably, the present scheme is focused on the full-resonant interaction not only between the classical fields, the cavity modes and the bare atoms, but also between the Bogoliubov modes and dressed atoms, which will induce the one-way steering simply via adjusting the intensity of an external field. Furthermore, the EPR steering could occur between the field modes with the large frequency difference, such as optical and microwave fields, which is more useful for the practical quantum communication. Based on the one-channel dissipation, the obtainable one-way EPR steering is rather against the dynamic fluctuations and is regardless of the initial state.
We investigate in detail the properties of the stationary quantum steering of two mechanical modes, where the two mechanical modes interact with two coupling cavity modes, and two four-tone driving lasers are used to pump the two cavity modes. By controlling the pumping lasers, the two cavity modes can act as two engineered reservoirs to cool the two mechanical modes to a squeezed state. When the damping rates of the two mechanical modes are different, numerical simulation results show that there are parameter regions where the state of the two mechanical modes only has one-way quantum steering, which is the most prominent feature of quantum steering from quantum entanglement.
We consider a three-mode optomechanical system in which two mechanical oscillators are independently coupled to a cavity mode driven by two controllable lasers. By controlling the two-tone driving, one can prepare the entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of two mechanical modes, in which the cavity mode acts as a single reservoir to cool two Bogoliubov modes. We find that the direction of EPR steering can be manipulated effectively by adjusting the damping rates and the thermal noises of two mechanical modes. In addition, we show that the entanglement and EPR steering between two mechanical modes can be enhanced by adding a parametric amplifier (PA) into the cavity. The effects of the strength and phase of the PA on the mechanical entanglement and EPR steering are analyzed and discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the additional PA can also expand the region of the one-way steering and strengthen the robustness of the entanglement and EPR steering against the thermal noise. The present scheme may provide effective resources for quantum information processing.
In this paper, we reexamine the quantum correlations in a four-state single-atom system in the weak coupling regime, aiming at the realization of stable entanglement and one-way steering via dissipation rather than coherent evolution process. Under the near-resonant conditions, we find out that a single atom can act as a reservoir and behave like a two-level system with a single dissipation channel, through which the composite Bogoliubov mode will evolve into a vacuum state, resulting in the appearance of stationary entanglement between two original modes. In addition, the one-way steering is generated when the symmetry is broken by choosing asymmetrical coupling constants. The present scheme may provide convenience for experimental implement and find applications in quantum information processing.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering manifests a type of quantum correlations intermediate between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In this paper we propose a scheme for realizing hybrid atom-mechanical quantum steering in the steady-state regime. In our scheme, an optomechanical two-mode cavity is coupled to a distant ensemble of double-$\ensuremath{\lambda}$ atoms in a cascade way, which induces the dissipative interaction between the mechanics and the internal atomic states. We show that strong cavity dissipation can lead to two-way atom-mechanical steering and the optimal steering exhibited in an approximate two-mode squeezed-vacuum atom-mechanical state. Moreover, we find that for the present cascade coupling scheme, the one-way steering from the mechanical oscillator to the atoms is achievable under certain conditions, while the reverse one-way steering is impossible to obtain. The reason for achieving the asymmetric steering is analyzed and the effect of mechanical thermal noise on the steering is also studied.
We show how to implement stationary one-way quantum steering with strong entanglement in a cavity magnonic system that consists of two magnon modes and a microwave cavity. The cavity is driven by a squeezed vacuum field generated by a flux-driven Josephson parameter amplifier and coupled to two Kittel modes via magnetic dipole interaction. We find that the steering directivity only depends on the ratio of two coupling rates (i.e., the ratio of coherent information exchange frequencies) and is barely affected by the dissipation of the system. Meanwhile, the entanglement and steering can be significantly enhanced due to the squeezed vacuum field and thus are more robust against thermal noises. This provides an active method to manipulate the steering directivity instead of adding asymmetric losses or noises to subsystems at the cost of reducing steerability.