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International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering

Optimization of quantum secret sharing communication using corresponding bits

Mahsa Khorrampanah, Mohammad Bolokian, Monireh Houshmand

Published Oct 28, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A three-users quantum secret sharing procedure by means of secure direct communication is proposed. The procedure is an improved version of Wang et al.’s in terms of efficiency. The improvement is achieved by introducing a new concept of "encoded classical bits" in the decoding phase. Using the proposed protocol, treble amount of message at a time is transmitted instead of doing J. Wang et al.’s protocol thrice. No qubit is transferred to send the message. Because of using quantum network in this communication, the procedure is fully safe.

DOI
10.1109/iccke54056.2021.9721456

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A three-users quantum secret sharing procedure by means of secure direct communication is proposed. The procedure is an improved version of Wang et al.’s in terms of efficiency. The improvement is achieved by introducing a new concept of "encoded classical bits" in the decoding phase. Using the proposed protocol, treble amount of message at a time is transmitted instead of doing J. Wang et al.’s protocol thrice. No qubit is transferred to send the message. Because of using quantum network in this communication, the procedure is fully safe.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication, a three-party quantum secret sharing approach is proposed. In the preparation phase, the sender shares a GHZ state among users. After she ensures about the security of the channel, she generates an auxiliary GHZ state and keeps it. Then she encodes three-bit information on the GHZ states, by applying the appropriate gates on her qubits. In the decoding phase, the three parties measure their qubits. The receivers achieve no information on the encoded message individually and just when they know the others' measurement results have access to the secret message. The security of the preparation phase against various attacks is investigated. Since no qubits carrying the message are transmitted, the protocol is completely secure, if the perfect quantum channel is used. The proposed approach has a better efficiency as compared to the previous ones.
Using entanglement swapping, a quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed. After sharing three-EPR among users, for encoding the message, the sender prepares an auxiliary EPR pair and by operating defined Pauli operations, she transmits six-bit message to her two agents. Since using entanglement swapping, no qubits carrying message are transmitted. So, if the perfect quantum channel is used, the protocol is unconditional secure. In addition, this protocol enhances the efficiency of Zhang-Man and Chou et al. protocols and with the comparison of previous works has better performance.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication and quantum dense coding, we present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme by quantum teleportation. After performing the rectilinear basis or diagonal basis measurement randomly for the eavesdropping check to ensure the security of the quantum channel, the sender encodes the secret messages directly on a series of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and transmits them to the receivers by quantum teleportation. Neither of the receivers can decode the secret messages on his own even if they collaborate. Only the two receivers combine their measurement results with the sender's result, can they recover the secret messages. In this scheme, one qubit can encode two bits of classical information because quantum dense coding is introduced. Using quantum teleportation, the distinct advantage of this scheme is that there is not the transmission of qubits carrying the secret messages in the quantum channel, it is absolutely secure for QSS if a perfect channel is used.
A new theoretical scheme for quantum secure direct communication is proposed, where four-qubit symmetric W state functions as quantum channel. It is shown that two legitimate users can directly transmit the secret messages by using Bell-basis measurements and classical communication. The scheme is completely secure if the quantum channel is perfect. Even if the quantum channel is unsecured, it is still possible for two users to perform their secure communication. One bit secret message can be transmitted by sending a bit classical information.
Based on the multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol [Z. J. Zhang and Z. X. Man, Phys. Rev. A 72, 022303 (2005)] , we proposed two schemes to enhance the transmission efficiency of whole protocol. In our improved version of the Zhang-Man protocol which the dealer can transmit double amount of secret messages at a time securely instead of doing the Zhang-Man protocol twice. Besides, we save a lot of cost of whole quantum secret sharing system. When the amount of secret messages is large and the number of agents is more, the performance of our schemes is much better than the ZhangMan protocol.