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IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)

Securing Wireless Signals using Artificial Phase Noise

Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Rhys Davies, Firas Hassan

Published Jan 26, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of artificial phase noise on security of wireless signals. We consider a system with a legitimate transmitter and a legitimate receiver, where an eavesdropper is also present and able to listen to the transmitted signals due to the broadcast nature of the wireless signals. In this work, we incorporate a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and a look-up-table (LUT) into the legitimate transmitter and receiver to generate the artificial phase noise at the transmitter and then to correct it at the receiver. In addition, the system is implemented on the hardware using software-defined radio (SDR). Moreover, we evaluate the system's performance of the legitimate receiver with the eavesdropper at different artificial phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that the legitimate receiver's error performance is not affected with artificial phase noise provided it is compensated correctly. On the other hand, the error performance of the eavesdropper degrades significantly particularly when the artificial phase noise increases beyond 45°.

DOI
10.1109/ccwc54503.2022.9720754

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This paper investigates the impact of artificial phase noise on security of wireless signals. We consider a system with a legitimate transmitter and a legitimate receiver, where an eavesdropper is also present and able to listen to the transmitted signals due to the broadcast nature of the wireless signals. In this work, we incorporate a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and a look-up-table (LUT) into the legitimate transmitter and receiver to generate the artificial phase noise at the transmitter and then to correct it at the receiver. In addition, the system is implemented on the hardware using software-defined radio (SDR). Moreover, we evaluate the system's performance of the legitimate receiver with the eavesdropper at different artificial phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that the legitimate receiver's error performance is not affected with artificial phase noise provided it is compensated correctly. On the other hand, the error performance of the eavesdropper degrades significantly particularly when the artificial phase noise increases beyond 45°.
The security of a wireless channel between a transmitter and legitimate user(s) in the presence of eavesdroppers can be improved by the addition of artificial noise (AN) transmission. In the case where the channel state information of the eavesdroppers is not known, some AN schemes transmit multiple uncorrelated noise signals via distinct orthogonal beamforming vectors. The vectors are designed to avoid affecting the legitimate links, and mutual orthogonality increases the likelihood that the AN signals are received at the eavesdroppers with high power. Applications in massive-MIMO, where hardware is constrained, motivate us to design vectors whose elements have arbitrary phases but equal magnitudes [1].This work proposes an algorithm that generates multiple such phase-only beamforming vectors via a single optimization problem and significantly increases the number of vectors which can be found compared to the previous work [2]. Consequently, our results demonstrate substantially higher lower-bounds on maximum achievable secrecy rate via this approach compared to the previous work [2] for similar scenarios.
In this paper, we consider the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits the combination of information-bearing signal and artificial noise to a single-antenna legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. At the transmitter front-ends, the signal and/or AN will be amplified by high-power amplifiers (HPAs) which however may work in a nonlinear region and introduce nonlinear distortion. We calculate the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at legitimate receiver and eavesdropper under HPA nonlinearity, and derive the approximated closed-form expression of secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that the approximated theoretical secrecy performance is very close to Monte Carlo simulations for relatively lower SNRs, and is severely degraded by the nonlinear distortion caused by HPAs as the transmit power increases. Moreover, we further provide a power allocation strategy between information-bearing signal and AN to alleviate the nonlinear distortion.
This paper considers the effect of an end-user assisted jamming scheme to achieve a secure transmission of information over Nakagami-m fading channel in wireless broadcast system. In this work, full duplex (FD) antenna at the legitimate receiver (LR) was introduced in a way that the LR will contribute additional noise to the system to degrade the eavesdropper's channel. The approach achieves secured transmission with improved secrecy when compared to the conventional method that artificial noise (AN) scheme is transmitted from the transmitter only. Numerical analysis and simulation results show an improvement in the secrecy performance metrics.
Artificial noise assisted secure communication is a promising approach to physical layer security. In this approach, besides the information-bearing signal, the transmitter emits an artificial noise to reduce the receptivity of the eavesdropper party while keeping the signal received by the legitimate receiver unaffected. This can be achieved by setting the artificial noise in the null space of the legitimate channel vector. However, high power amplifier (HPA) used in the wireless front-end has nonlinear characteristics, which may lead the artificial noise after passing through HPA no longer orthogonal to the legitimate channel vector and introduce extra interference to the legitimate receiver. In this paper, we investigate the impact of HPA nonlinearity and evaluate the performance in terms of achievable secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that HPA nonlinearity corresponds to a deterioration of rate performance especially for high SNR situations.
In this paper, we propose a reference-free artificial noise (AN) waveform design and cancellation scheme for single-input-single-output (SISO) wireless secure transmission. First, a system structure with the aid of AN is presented, where we provide a specific method extracting the sign information of each symbol from the desired signal (DS) to form AN at the transmitter. Then, we notice that the legitimate receiver enable to reconstruct the AN from the received signal by almost the same method as the transmitter without AN reference, which reduces the system complexity in practice. Subsequently, the AN cancellation performance and the secrecy capacity at the receiver are analyzed, and their upper bounds are also derived. Finally, simulation results confirm that the proposed reference-free AN design and cancellation scheme can effectively suppress the AN at legitimate receiver, while degrades the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at eavesdropper seriously, which provides impressive secure performance in terms of secrecy capacity.
While half and full duplex wireless enabled cyber physical systems (CPSs) are gaining more importance and research attention, maintaining the security of CPS systems remains a vital challenge. The broadcast nature of wireless channels makes it possible for unauthorized receivers, called eavesdroppers, to capture the information signal. Wireless physical layer security techniques aim to harden the secrecy characteristics of wireless systems, decreasing the signal quality of a prospective eavesdropper. This paper considers a joint optimization of artificial noise (AN) signal and transmit filter for the information signals in order to achieve a target secrecy level. As eavesdropping attacks are very critical threats in CPS networks, and the need for high secrecy techniques remains valid. The proposed framework includes a scenario with two multi-antenna legitimate parties and a multi-antenna eavesdropper node (or multiple cooperating eavesdroppers). The transmit filter and AN signal are jointly optimized by the transmitters, where receiver nodes can make use of optimal transmit filters. The problem is derived for the cases where the legitimate CPS nodes perform full duplex and half duplex transmissions. The impact of channel estimation errors and self interference are also discussed.