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International Conference on Communications

Nonlinear HPA Impact on Artificial Noise Aided MISO Secure Systems

Fan Yang, Kai Zhang, Yongzhi Zhai, Yuhan Dong

Published Jun 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits the combination of information-bearing signal and artificial noise to a single-antenna legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. At the transmitter front-ends, the signal and/or AN will be amplified by high-power amplifiers (HPAs) which however may work in a nonlinear region and introduce nonlinear distortion. We calculate the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at legitimate receiver and eavesdropper under HPA nonlinearity, and derive the approximated closed-form expression of secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that the approximated theoretical secrecy performance is very close to Monte Carlo simulations for relatively lower SNRs, and is severely degraded by the nonlinear distortion caused by HPAs as the transmit power increases. Moreover, we further provide a power allocation strategy between information-bearing signal and AN to alleviate the nonlinear distortion.

DOI
10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500801

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In this paper, we consider the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits the combination of information-bearing signal and artificial noise to a single-antenna legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. At the transmitter front-ends, the signal and/or AN will be amplified by high-power amplifiers (HPAs) which however may work in a nonlinear region and introduce nonlinear distortion. We calculate the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at legitimate receiver and eavesdropper under HPA nonlinearity, and derive the approximated closed-form expression of secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that the approximated theoretical secrecy performance is very close to Monte Carlo simulations for relatively lower SNRs, and is severely degraded by the nonlinear distortion caused by HPAs as the transmit power increases. Moreover, we further provide a power allocation strategy between information-bearing signal and AN to alleviate the nonlinear distortion.
Artificial noise assisted secure communication is a promising approach to physical layer security. In this approach, besides the information-bearing signal, the transmitter emits an artificial noise to reduce the receptivity of the eavesdropper party while keeping the signal received by the legitimate receiver unaffected. This can be achieved by setting the artificial noise in the null space of the legitimate channel vector. However, high power amplifier (HPA) used in the wireless front-end has nonlinear characteristics, which may lead the artificial noise after passing through HPA no longer orthogonal to the legitimate channel vector and introduce extra interference to the legitimate receiver. In this paper, we investigate the impact of HPA nonlinearity and evaluate the performance in terms of achievable secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that HPA nonlinearity corresponds to a deterioration of rate performance especially for high SNR situations.
This paper studies the secure transmission problem of the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) system. Considering a practical assumption of worst-case scenario where the eavesdropper is passive and the noise at eavesdropper is arbitrarily small. The transmitter simultaneously transmits information-bearing signals and AN to the desired receiver and eavesdropper by multiple antennas. In this system, the exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) which represent system reliability and security respectively are derived and the correctness of the derivation is proved by simulation. Next, the paper provides the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) analysis of the system. It is found that the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and AN to maximize SRT is different for different number of transmission antennas. Then, the SRT performance of the system is analyzed from the aspect of number of transmission antennas and signal-noise ratio (SNR) of the system under the condition of the optimal power allocation. It shows that the SRT performance can be better with the increasing number of the transmission antennas, which means a more secure and reliable communication transmission can be achieved. SRT will not keep enhancing when SNR reach a certain value which can provide valuable reference for setting the transmission power to avoid the waste of power.
We consider nonlinear transceiver design for downlink multiuser multi-antenna secure communications with an external multi-antenna eavesdropper. The multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits confidential-message-bearing signals and artificial noise (AN) using nonlinear Tomlinson Harashima precoding based on the limited channel state information feedback. For the proposed nonlinear secure transceiver, we reveal the mechanism behind which makes this nonlinear precoding superior than the linear precoding methods in guaranteeing secrecy of wireless multiuser multi-antenna systems. We also obtain analytical bounds of the ergodic secrecy rate of each legitimate receiver and the ergodic secrecy sum rate of the system. Based on the analytical result, the near optimal power allocation to the information signals and AN can be obtained using numerical method. Numerical results are shown to verify the advantage of the proposed nonlinear method over the linear zero-forcing precoding.
This paper investigates the power allocation problem for artificial noise (AN) secure precoding systems, and proposes closed-form solutions for maximizing the achievable secrecy rate. It is assumed that the transmitter knows the full channel information at the legitimate receiver, and knows only the statistics of the channel information at the eavesdropper. Lower bounds are derived for the secrecy rates in multiple-input single-output channels with single or multiple eavesdroppers and multiple-input multiple-output channels with multiple eavesdroppers. When the number of transmit antennas is sufficiently large, the bounds are tight, and closed-form solutions can be derived from these bounds. The analytical results suggest simple and yet informative solutions as follows: Let the numbers of receive antennas at the legitimate receiver and at the eavesdropper beNrN_{r}Nr​andNr,eN_{r,e}Nr,e​, respectively. The system should distributeNr,e/(Nr+Nr,e)N_{r,e}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e})Nr,e​/(Nr​+Nr,e​)of the power to AN in the high SNR regime, and distribute zero power to AN in the low SNR regime; the rate loss due to the eavesdropper is−Nrlog⁡(Nr/(Nr+Nr,e))−Nr,elog⁡(Nr,e/(Nr+Nr,e))-N_{r}\log(N_{r}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e}))-N_{r,e}\log(N_{r,e}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e}))−Nr​log(Nr​/(Nr​+Nr,e​))−Nr,e​log(Nr,e​/(Nr​+Nr,e​))bits/sec/Hz in the high SNR regime and nearly negligible in the low SNR regime. The derived results also show that equal power and water-filling power allocations lead to similar solutions and rate loss. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical results.
Physical layer security in wireless networks has received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we consider multiple-input single-output (MISO) fading wiretap channels, where the transmitter utilizes artificial noise-aided precoding (ANaP) transmission strategy to maximize the secrecy capacity of the channel. When the channel state information (CSI) of Eavesdropper's (Eve's) channel is known at Alice, we prove that the optimal ANaP strategy reduces to the conventional precoding strategy, i.e., all the transmit power should be allocated to the precoding of information signal. When the CSI of Eve's channel is unknown at Alice, we find that there exists an optimal power allocation ratio between the information signal and the artificial noise and that this power ratio depends on the number of antennas as well as the available transmit power at Alice. In particular, when the available transmit power at Alice increases or the number of antennas at Alice decreases, more power should be allocated to the artificial noise.
We consider the problem of secure communication with multiantenna transmission in fading channels. The transmitter simultaneously transmits an information-bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form expression of an achievable secrecy rate and use it as the objective function to optimize the transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple yet near-optimal strategy for the case of noncolluding eavesdroppers. When the number of colluding eavesdroppers increases, more power should be used to generate the artificial noise. We also provide an upper bound on the SNR, above which, the achievable secrecy rate is positive and shows that the bound is tight at low SNR. Furthermore, we consider the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver and find that it is wise to create more artificial noise to confuse the eavesdroppers than to increase the signal strength for the intended receiver if the CSI is not accurately obtained.