Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS)

Impact of HPA Nonlinearity on Artificial Noise Assisted Secure Communication Systems

Xin Yan Zhu Jiang, Fan Yang, Yuhan Dong

Published May 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Artificial noise assisted secure communication is a promising approach to physical layer security. In this approach, besides the information-bearing signal, the transmitter emits an artificial noise to reduce the receptivity of the eavesdropper party while keeping the signal received by the legitimate receiver unaffected. This can be achieved by setting the artificial noise in the null space of the legitimate channel vector. However, high power amplifier (HPA) used in the wireless front-end has nonlinear characteristics, which may lead the artificial noise after passing through HPA no longer orthogonal to the legitimate channel vector and introduce extra interference to the legitimate receiver. In this paper, we investigate the impact of HPA nonlinearity and evaluate the performance in terms of achievable secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that HPA nonlinearity corresponds to a deterioration of rate performance especially for high SNR situations.

DOI
10.1109/icccs49078.2020.9118412

Related papers

Nonlinear HPA Impact on Artificial Noise Aided MISO Secure Systems

Fan Yang, Kai Zhang, Yongzhi Zhai +1 more

In this paper, we consider the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits the combination of information-bearing signal and artificial noise to a single-antenna legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. At the transmitter front-ends, the signal and/or AN will be amplified by high-power amplifiers (HPAs) which however may work in a nonlinear region and introduce nonlinear distortion. We calculate the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at legitimate receiver and eavesdropper under HPA nonlinearity, and derive the approximated closed-form expression of secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that the approximated theoretical secrecy performance is very close to Monte Carlo simulations for relatively lower SNRs, and is severely degraded by the nonlinear distortion caused by HPAs as the transmit power increases. Moreover, we further provide a power allocation strategy between information-bearing signal and AN to alleviate the nonlinear distortion.

International Conference on Communications•Jun 1, 2021•1 citation

Secure Transmission With Artificial Noise Over Fading Channels: Achievable Rate and Optimal Power Allocation

Xiangyun Zhou, Matthew R. McKay

We consider the problem of secure communication with multiantenna transmission in fading channels. The transmitter simultaneously transmits an information-bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form expression of an achievable secrecy rate and use it as the objective function to optimize the transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple yet near-optimal strategy for the case of noncolluding eavesdroppers. When the number of colluding eavesdroppers increases, more power should be used to generate the artificial noise. We also provide an upper bound on the SNR, above which, the achievable secrecy rate is positive and shows that the bound is tight at low SNR. Furthermore, we consider the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver and find that it is wise to create more artificial noise to confuse the eavesdroppers than to increase the signal strength for the intended receiver if the CSI is not accurately obtained.

arXiv:1006.5938•IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology•Jul 29, 2010•544 citations

On the impact of quantized channel feedback in guaranteeing secrecy with artificial noise

Ya-Lan Liang, Yung-Shun Wang, Tsung‐Hui Chang +2 more

Physical-layer secrecy in wireless fading channels has been studied extensively in recent years to ensure reliable communication between the transmitter and the receiver subject to constraints on the information attainable by the eavesdropper. With multiple antennas at the transmitter, Goel and Negi proposed the use of artificial noise (AN) in the null space of the receiver's channel to corrupt the eavesdropper's reception, which helps guarantee secrecy without knowledge of the eavesdropper's channel. It has been shown that the secrecy capacity can be made arbitrarily large by increasing the transmission power, when perfect knowledge of the receiver's channel direction information (CDI) is available. However, in practice, this is not possible due to rate-limitations on the feedback channel. This paper studies the impact of quantized channel feedback on the secrecy capacity achievable with artificial noise.We show that, with imperfect CDI at the transmitter, the AN that was originally intended only for the eavesdropper may leak into the receiver's channel and limit the achievable secrecy rate. To maintain a constant performance degradation, the number of feedback bits must increase at least logarithmically with the transmission power. Moreover, we observe that the portion of power allocated to the transmission of AN should decrease as the number of quantization bits decreases to alleviate the degradation due to noise leakage.

IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)•Jun 1, 2009•21 citations

Pseudo-Noise Superposition for Finite-Alphabet Physical Layer Security

Fernando Moya Caceres, Chamath Divarathne, Yapeng Xie +4 more

Physical-layer security based on pseudo-noise (PN) superposition is a promising approach for mitigating eavesdropping in future wireless systems. However, under Shannon's capacity formulation with Gaussian signaling, achieving secrecy typically requires allocating substantial transmit power to PN, resulting in a significant reduction in achievable information rate and limiting practical applicability. This limitation is alleviated when finite-alphabet modulation schemes, such as M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ($M$-QAM), are employed, as expected in practical 6G transceivers. In this work, we analyze the information rate performance of PN-assisted systems under $M$-QAM signaling using mutual information and derive the corresponding achievable secrecy rate. The impact of PN power allocation on both the legitimate user and the eavesdropper is investigated across different modulation orders and channel conditions. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate system behavior under varying user and eavesdropper channel conditions and to examine how PN power allocation influences secrecy performance. The results show that, at sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the information rate becomes largely insensitive to PN power allocation, enabling near-perfect secrecy with $M$-QAM modulation-highlighting a key departure from Shannon-capacity-based secrecy analyses and underscoring the practicality of finite-alphabet security mechanisms for 6G wireless systems.

arXiv:2608.01758•IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)•Sep 1, 2026•0 citations

Secure Information Transmission with Self Jamming SWIPT

Akashkumar Rajaram, Rui Dinis, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody +1 more

This article is focused on implementing simultaneous wireless information and power transmission as a physical layer security measure by using artificial noise. A series of high energy precoded symbols is simultaneously transmitted along with the information symbols over a Rayleigh frequency selective fading channel. The high energy precoded symbols act as an artificial noise for the eavesdroppers. The energy symbols are precoded on the basis of a legitimate user’s channel matrix to form a null space vector, which eliminates the interference of energy symbols at the information symbol receiver antennas, while allowing the rectenna to harvest energy from the superimposed information and energy symbols. We analyze the secrecy rate and error rate performance at the receiver under different circumstances, and we show that the performance of the legitimate user can be improved by using the iterative block decision feedback equalization method at the receiver.

Electronics•Mar 30, 2020•3 citations

Securing Wireless Signals using Artificial Phase Noise

Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Rhys Davies, Firas Hassan

This paper investigates the impact of artificial phase noise on security of wireless signals. We consider a system with a legitimate transmitter and a legitimate receiver, where an eavesdropper is also present and able to listen to the transmitted signals due to the broadcast nature of the wireless signals. In this work, we incorporate a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and a look-up-table (LUT) into the legitimate transmitter and receiver to generate the artificial phase noise at the transmitter and then to correct it at the receiver. In addition, the system is implemented on the hardware using software-defined radio (SDR). Moreover, we evaluate the system's performance of the legitimate receiver with the eavesdropper at different artificial phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that the legitimate receiver's error performance is not affected with artificial phase noise provided it is compensated correctly. On the other hand, the error performance of the eavesdropper degrades significantly particularly when the artificial phase noise increases beyond 45°.

IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)•Jan 26, 2022•2 citations
Artificial noise assisted secure communication is a promising approach to physical layer security. In this approach, besides the information-bearing signal, the transmitter emits an artificial noise to reduce the receptivity of the eavesdropper party while keeping the signal received by the legitimate receiver unaffected. This can be achieved by setting the artificial noise in the null space of the legitimate channel vector. However, high power amplifier (HPA) used in the wireless front-end has nonlinear characteristics, which may lead the artificial noise after passing through HPA no longer orthogonal to the legitimate channel vector and introduce extra interference to the legitimate receiver. In this paper, we investigate the impact of HPA nonlinearity and evaluate the performance in terms of achievable secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that HPA nonlinearity corresponds to a deterioration of rate performance especially for high SNR situations.
In this paper, we consider the artificial noise (AN) aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure systems in which a multi-antenna transmitter simultaneously transmits the combination of information-bearing signal and artificial noise to a single-antenna legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. At the transmitter front-ends, the signal and/or AN will be amplified by high-power amplifiers (HPAs) which however may work in a nonlinear region and introduce nonlinear distortion. We calculate the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at legitimate receiver and eavesdropper under HPA nonlinearity, and derive the approximated closed-form expression of secrecy rate. Numerical results suggest that the approximated theoretical secrecy performance is very close to Monte Carlo simulations for relatively lower SNRs, and is severely degraded by the nonlinear distortion caused by HPAs as the transmit power increases. Moreover, we further provide a power allocation strategy between information-bearing signal and AN to alleviate the nonlinear distortion.
We consider the problem of secure communication with multiantenna transmission in fading channels. The transmitter simultaneously transmits an information-bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form expression of an achievable secrecy rate and use it as the objective function to optimize the transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple yet near-optimal strategy for the case of noncolluding eavesdroppers. When the number of colluding eavesdroppers increases, more power should be used to generate the artificial noise. We also provide an upper bound on the SNR, above which, the achievable secrecy rate is positive and shows that the bound is tight at low SNR. Furthermore, we consider the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver and find that it is wise to create more artificial noise to confuse the eavesdroppers than to increase the signal strength for the intended receiver if the CSI is not accurately obtained.
Physical-layer secrecy in wireless fading channels has been studied extensively in recent years to ensure reliable communication between the transmitter and the receiver subject to constraints on the information attainable by the eavesdropper. With multiple antennas at the transmitter, Goel and Negi proposed the use of artificial noise (AN) in the null space of the receiver's channel to corrupt the eavesdropper's reception, which helps guarantee secrecy without knowledge of the eavesdropper's channel. It has been shown that the secrecy capacity can be made arbitrarily large by increasing the transmission power, when perfect knowledge of the receiver's channel direction information (CDI) is available. However, in practice, this is not possible due to rate-limitations on the feedback channel. This paper studies the impact of quantized channel feedback on the secrecy capacity achievable with artificial noise.We show that, with imperfect CDI at the transmitter, the AN that was originally intended only for the eavesdropper may leak into the receiver's channel and limit the achievable secrecy rate. To maintain a constant performance degradation, the number of feedback bits must increase at least logarithmically with the transmission power. Moreover, we observe that the portion of power allocated to the transmission of AN should decrease as the number of quantization bits decreases to alleviate the degradation due to noise leakage.
Physical-layer security based on pseudo-noise (PN) superposition is a promising approach for mitigating eavesdropping in future wireless systems. However, under Shannon's capacity formulation with Gaussian signaling, achieving secrecy typically requires allocating substantial transmit power to PN, resulting in a significant reduction in achievable information rate and limiting practical applicability. This limitation is alleviated when finite-alphabet modulation schemes, such as M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MMM-QAM), are employed, as expected in practical 6G transceivers. In this work, we analyze the information rate performance of PN-assisted systems under MMM-QAM signaling using mutual information and derive the corresponding achievable secrecy rate. The impact of PN power allocation on both the legitimate user and the eavesdropper is investigated across different modulation orders and channel conditions. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate system behavior under varying user and eavesdropper channel conditions and to examine how PN power allocation influences secrecy performance. The results show that, at sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the information rate becomes largely insensitive to PN power allocation, enabling near-perfect secrecy with MMM-QAM modulation-highlighting a key departure from Shannon-capacity-based secrecy analyses and underscoring the practicality of finite-alphabet security mechanisms for 6G wireless systems.
This article is focused on implementing simultaneous wireless information and power transmission as a physical layer security measure by using artificial noise. A series of high energy precoded symbols is simultaneously transmitted along with the information symbols over a Rayleigh frequency selective fading channel. The high energy precoded symbols act as an artificial noise for the eavesdroppers. The energy symbols are precoded on the basis of a legitimate user’s channel matrix to form a null space vector, which eliminates the interference of energy symbols at the information symbol receiver antennas, while allowing the rectenna to harvest energy from the superimposed information and energy symbols. We analyze the secrecy rate and error rate performance at the receiver under different circumstances, and we show that the performance of the legitimate user can be improved by using the iterative block decision feedback equalization method at the receiver.
This paper investigates the impact of artificial phase noise on security of wireless signals. We consider a system with a legitimate transmitter and a legitimate receiver, where an eavesdropper is also present and able to listen to the transmitted signals due to the broadcast nature of the wireless signals. In this work, we incorporate a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and a look-up-table (LUT) into the legitimate transmitter and receiver to generate the artificial phase noise at the transmitter and then to correct it at the receiver. In addition, the system is implemented on the hardware using software-defined radio (SDR). Moreover, we evaluate the system's performance of the legitimate receiver with the eavesdropper at different artificial phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that the legitimate receiver's error performance is not affected with artificial phase noise provided it is compensated correctly. On the other hand, the error performance of the eavesdropper degrades significantly particularly when the artificial phase noise increases beyond 45°.