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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Face-to-Face Cable Interconnect Scheme for Thin Flexible Superconducting Stripline Cables

Bhargav Yelamanchili, Archit Shah, Sherman E. Peek, Vaibhav Gupta, John A. Sellers, David B. Tuckerman, Michael C. Hamilton

Published Feb 8, 2022• 11 citations

Abstract

To address the challenge of dense connectors for cryogenic systems, we describe a face-to-face cable connection approach for connecting microwave superconducting stripline cables. The approach provides a space-efficient and reliable interconnect technology for future cryogenic and quantum technology applications at microwave frequencies. A self-aligned assembly was used and was comprised of bottom and top alignment molybdenum pieces and flexible superconducting stripline cables. SU-8, a photodefinable epoxy-based photoresist, was used to form structures defined on the bottom and top Mo pieces to provide alignment and distribute mechanical pressure in the contact regions of the cables. We measured critical transition temperatures in the range of 8.6-9.0 K and an average critical current of 10.2 mA. Time-domain reflectometry measurements at 4.2 K showed a relatively small impedance discontinuity at the connection point and minimal microwave power dependency was observed. This cable-to-cable connection approach for thin, flexible superconducting cables shows promising results as a solution for dense signal integration for microwave and DC interconnects at cryogenic temperatures.

DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2022.3149729

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Abstract We describe a superconducting (SC) cable-to-cable connection method for thin-film flexible (Nb/polyimide) parallel transmission line cables that exhibits low loss from DC to microwave frequencies. Design, fabrication procedures, assembly methods and characterization results are reported. The connector assembly incorporates a monolithic array of short superconductive bridging traces that function as a ganged electrical splice between two ribbon cables. The assembly is micro-mechanically self-aligned and uses pressure to make simultaneous electrical contacts between multiple 50 μ m wide microstrip signal traces, as well as between ground planes. Each contacting surface comprises thin SC Nb overcoated with ultra-thin Au, providing nearly zero DC resistance and very good RF performance. A simulation model of the microwave performance of microstrip-to-microstrip interconnections at 4.2 K was successfully matched to measurement results. This new cable-to-cable connection approach exhibited an insertion loss <0.12 dB and a return loss >15 dB up to 14 GHz. The connections performed reproducibly throughout multiple thermal cycles and multiple disassembly/reassembly cycles.

We present recent work on design, fabrication, and characterization of thin-film, flexible superconducting stripline cables. Fabrication details, dc, and microwave performance (up to 14 GHz) of cables with Al/Nb/Al conductors and polyimide (PI) dielectric are discussed. Thin Al was used as a barrier layer between Nb and polyimide to protect the Nb superconductivity during subsequent PI curing steps, which were performed at a reduced temperature. The dc performance, including critical transition temperature and critical current, of the stripline transmission lines is presented. We observed Tcvalues of ~8.8 and ~8.6 K for signal traces and ground planes, respectively. Microwave characterization, including cross-talk, was performed on stripline transmission lines and resonators. We observed reasonable impedance match (S11better than -15 dB), low insertion loss (S21better than 0.04 dB/cm) and cross-talk below -60 dB for stripline transmission lines measured up to 10 GHz at 4.2 K. Furthermore, similarly fabricated stripline resonators exhibited quality factors ~7 000 at 10 GHz and 1.2 K for stripline resonators. The results of these experiments provide insight into material stack-ups for robust, multi-layer superconducting flexible cables that can find use in future cryogenic electronics systems.

Advancements in microwave interconnect and integration technologies are necessary to realize large-scale superconducting quantum and cryogenic systems. Thermal and volume limitations of cryogenic systems for scalable superconducting quantum information processing systems require new approaches for microwave signal interconnects, including high microwave performance and low thermal leakage flexible cables and associated cable-to-cable connectors, among other microwave components. Recent advances, performance and challenges for these technologies are discussed.

With the demand for scalable cryogenic microwave circuitry continuously rising, recently developed flexible microwave striplines offer the tantalyzing perspective of increasing the cabling density by an order of magnitude without thermally overloading the cryostat. We use a superconducting quantum circuit to test the thermalization of input flex cables with integrated

60\,

dB of attenuation distributed at various temperature stages. From the measured decoherence rate of a superconducting fluxonium qubit, we estimate a residual population of the readout resonator below

3.5\cdot10^{-3}

photons and we measure a

0.28\,

ms thermalization time for the flexible stripline attenuators. Furthermore, we confirm that the qubit reaches an effective temperature of

26.4\,

mK, close to the base temperature of the cryostat, practically the same as when using a conventional semi-rigid coaxial cable setup.

With the demand for scalable cryogenic microwave circuitry continuously rising, recently developed flexible microwave striplines offer the tantalizing perspective of increasing the cabling density by an order of magnitude without thermally overloading the cryostat. We use a superconducting quantum circuit to test the thermalization of input flex cables with integrated 60 dB of attenuation distributed at various temperature stages. From the measured decoherence rate of a superconducting fluxonium qubit, we estimate a residual population of the readout resonator of (2.2±0.9)×10−3 photons and we measure a 0.28 ms thermalization time for the flexible stripline attenuators. Furthermore, we confirm that the qubit reaches an effective temperature of 26.4 mK, close to the base temperature of the cryostat, practically the same as when using a conventional semi-rigid coaxial cable setup.