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Observation of the coupling between two single Rydberg atoms

Antoine Browaeys, Alpha Gaétan, Y. Miroshnychenko, Tatjana Wilk, Amodsen Chotia, Matthieu Viteau, D. Comparat, P. Pillet, Philippe Grangier

Published Jul 27, 2008• 0 citations
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To isolate the Autler-Townes splitting induced by a single selected THz transition in a Cs Rydberg atom, a Zeeman-resolved EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) signal was obtained in a high magnetic field. The electronic state was controlled by the polarizations of two lasers exciting the Cs atoms and the chosen magnetic quantization axis. Applying a THz wave with controlled polarization then enabled an observation of the Autler-Townes splitting induced by its coupling to a single dipole transition.

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This thesis investigates new phenomena that arise when light is strongly coupled to an interacting atomic gas. For this, a new apparatus has been built which allows to create ultracold and dense atomic samples and to detect individual atoms in high-lying atomic states, so-called Rydberg atoms. Strong light-matter coupling is achieved using the collective coupling of the atomic cloud to the light field under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In experiments on EIT involving non-interacting Rydberg states, we characterize the light-matter coupling and demonstrate the first combined optical and matter based probing of EIT. By coupling to strongly-interacting Rydberg states, we investigate the effect of interactions which we observe as a strong nonlinear optical \nresponse of the atomic gas as well as in the emergence of strong correlations between the hybrid quasiparticles associated with the strong light-matter coupling. We employ the nonlinear response of the atomic cloud to image Rydberg atoms immersed in the atomic cloud. In a theoretical proposal, we show that this novel imaging technique allows to investigate many-body Rydberg states with single particle sensitivity. Using the proposed imaging method, we demonstrate imaging of small numbers of Rydberg atoms with high time-resolution in single shot experiments. In experiments exploiting the dipolar exchange interaction between Rydberg atoms, we employ the new imaging technique to follow dipole-mediated transport of Rydberg excitations through the cloud. The transport dynamics is determined by the continuous spatial projection of the electronic quantum state under observation and features an emergent spatial scale of micrometer size induced by Rydberg-Rydberg interactions.
We report on the experimental observation of nontrivial three-photon correlations imprinted onto initially uncorrelated photons through an interaction with a single Rydberg superatom. Exploiting the Rydberg blockade mechanism, we turn a cold atomic cloud into a single effective emitter with collectively enhanced coupling to a focused photonic mode which gives rise to clear signatures in the connected part of the three-body correlation function of the outgoing photons. We show that our results are in good agreement with a quantitative model for a single, strongly coupled Rydberg superatom. Furthermore, we present an idealized but exactly solvable model of a single two-level system coupled to a photonic mode, which allows for an interpretation of our experimental observations in terms of bound states and scattering states.
To isolate the Autler-Townes splitting induced by a single selected THz transition in a Cs Rydberg atom, a Zeeman-resolved EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) signal was obtained in a high magnetic field. The electronic state was controlled by the polarizations of two lasers exciting the Cs atoms and the chosen magnetic quantization axis. Applying a THz wave with controlled polarization then enabled an observation of the Autler-Townes splitting induced by its coupling to a single dipole transition.