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Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук

Методические аспекты изучения классической теории и квантовой теории в вузе

О. А. Янкевич

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Both in quantum and classical physics there are some difficulties. Overcoming these difficulties may require some modification of these theories. Definitions of «classical» and «quantum» quantities are suggested. These definitions are supposed to be used in modern and as well as in «modified» physical theories for the purpose of distinguishing classical and quantum behavior of the studied objects.

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Both in quantum and classical physics there are some difficulties. Overcoming these difficulties may require some modification of these theories. Definitions of «classical» and «quantum» quantities are suggested. These definitions are supposed to be used in modern and as well as in «modified» physical theories for the purpose of distinguishing classical and quantum behavior of the studied objects.
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The basic thesis of this book is that there is no quantum measurement problem. I do not mean by this that the apparent paradoxes of quantum mechanics arise because we fail to recognize ‘that quantum theory does not describe physical reality’ (Fuchs and Peres 2000a). Quantum theory describes reality just fine, like any other scientific theory worth taking seriously: describing (and explaining) reality is what the scientific enterprise is about. Nor do I mean that we have found solutions to the problem, ways to modify or supplement quantum mechanics so that the paradoxes are removed. I don’t actually think that we have found any very satisfactory solutions in this sense (at least not in the relativistic domain) but that isn’t my theme: even if we did have these modifications, they would be ways of changing from quantum physics, which supposedly does have a measurement problem, to some other theory, which supposedly doesn’t.
Modern physics, which had its beginnings in the inclined-plane experiments of Galileo, deals with the measurable aspects of the world about us. The laws and definitions of classical physics are, at least superficially, differential equations in which each variable represents the result of a particular kind of measurement. These variables are usually called physical quantites. Starting from a few general laws and definitions we can derive formally further relations between the physical quantities and their rates of change in space and time. If the original definitions are self-consistent and the original laws accurate, the relations we derive from them should enable us to predict what the numerical result of a certain measurement will be whenever certain other measurements have yielded specified numerical results.
Statements about «peaceful coexistence» quantum theory and special relativity are unfounded. The views of these two theories on the rate of transmission of interactions are implacable and mutually exclusive. One of these two theories (or both) requires revision. Утверждения о «мирном сосуществовании» квантовой теории и специальной теории относительности необоснованны. Взгляды этих двух теорий на скорость передачи взаимодействия являются непримиримыми и взаимоисключающими. Одна из этих двух теорий (или обе) требует пересмотра.