Nuclear coherent population transfer (NCPT) plays an important role in the exploration and application of atomic nuclei. How to achieve high-fidelity NCPT remains so far challenging. Here, we investigate the complete population transfer of nuclear states. We first consider a cyclic three-level system, based on the mixed-state inverse engineering scheme by adding additional laser fields in an open three-level nuclear system with spontaneous emission. We find the amplitude of the additional field is related to the ratio of the pump and Stokes field amplitudes. As long as an appropriate additional field is selected, complete transfer can be achieved even when the intensities of the pump and Stokes fields are exceedingly low. The transfer efficiency exhibits excellent robustness with respect to laser peak intensity and pulse delay. We demonstrate the effectiveness through examples such as
229Th,223Ra,113Cd, and
97Tc, which have a long lifetime excited state, as well as
187Re,172Yb,168Er, and
154Gd with a short lifetime excited state. Focusing on the case without additional coupling, we further reduce the three-level system to an effective two-level problem. We modify the pump and Stokes pulses by using counterdiabatic driving to implement high-fidelity population transfer. The schemes open up new possibilities for controlling nuclear states.
We have studied the intense chirped pulse excitation of a molecule coupled with a dissipative environment taking into account electronic coherence effects. We considered a two-state electronic system with relaxation treated as a diffusion on electronic potential energy surfaces. This relaxation model enables us to trace continuously the transition from a coherent population transfer to incoherent one. An inhomogeneously broadened system with frozen nuclear motion is invoked to model a purely coherent transfer. We show that the type of population transfer (coherent or incoherent) strongly depends on the pulse chirp, its sign, and the detunings of the exciting pulse carrier frequency with respect to the frequency of the Franck-Condon transition. For positive chirped pulses and moderate detunings, relaxation does not hinder a coherent population transfer. Moreover, under these conditions the relaxation favors more efficient population transfer with respect to the “coherent” system with frozen nuclear motion.