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Chinese Optics Letters

Dark state atoms trapping in a magic-wavelength optical lattice near the nanofiber surface

Dianqiang Su, Xiateng Qin, Yuan Jiang, Kaidi Jin, Zhonghua Ji, Yanting Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Nov 19, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimental realization of dark state atoms trapping in a nanofiber optical lattice.By applying the magicwavelength trapping potentials of cesium atoms, the AC Stark shifts are strongly suppressed.The dark magneto-optical trap efficiently transfers the cold atoms from bright (6S 1/2 , F = 4) into dark state (6S 1/2 , F = 3) for hyperfine energy levels of cesium atoms.The observed transfer efficiency is as high as 98% via saturation measurement.The trapping lifetime of dark state atoms trapped by a nanofiber optical lattice is also investigated, which is the key element for realizing optical storage.This work contributes to the manipulation of atomic electric dipole spin waves and quantum information storage for fiber networks.

DOI
10.3788/col202220.020201

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We report the experimental realization of dark state atoms trapping in a nanofiber optical lattice.By applying the magicwavelength trapping potentials of cesium atoms, the AC Stark shifts are strongly suppressed.The dark magneto-optical trap efficiently transfers the cold atoms from bright (6S 1/2 , F = 4) into dark state (6S 1/2 , F = 3) for hyperfine energy levels of cesium atoms.The observed transfer efficiency is as high as 98% via saturation measurement.The trapping lifetime of dark state atoms trapped by a nanofiber optical lattice is also investigated, which is the key element for realizing optical storage.This work contributes to the manipulation of atomic electric dipole spin waves and quantum information storage for fiber networks.
We have recently demonstrated a new experimental platform for trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled cesium atoms. The scheme uses a two-color evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber to localize the atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice 200 nm above the nanofiber surface [1]. In order to use this fiber-coupled ensemble of trapped atoms for applications in the context of quantum communication and quantum information processing, non-classical states of the atomic spins have to be prepared and should live long enough to allow one to apply successive quantum gates. The close proximity of the trapped atoms to the nanofiber surface and the strong polarization gradients of nanofiber-guided light fields are potentially important sources of decoherence. Here, we present our latest experimental results on the coherence properties of atomic spins in our nanofiber-based trap. Using a microwave field to drive the clock transition, we determine inhomogeneous and homogeneous dephasing times by Ramsey and spin echo techniques, respectively. Our results constitute the first measurement of the coherence properties of atoms trapped in the vicinity of a nanofiber and represent a fundamental step towards establishing nanofiber-based traps for cold atoms as a building block in a quantum network.
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We report the experimental realization of an optical trap that localizes single Cs atoms $\ensuremath{\simeq}215\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$ from the surface of a dielectric nanofiber. By operating at magic wavelengths for pairs of counterpropagating red- and blue-detuned trapping beams, differential scalar light shifts are eliminated, and vector shifts are suppressed by $\ensuremath{\approx}250$. We thereby measure an absorption linewidth $\ensuremath{\Gamma}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}$ for the Cs 6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​, $F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5$ transition, where ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}$ in free space. An optical depth $d\ensuremath{\simeq}66$ is observed, corresponding to an optical depth per atom ${d}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.08$. These advances provide an important capability for the implementation of functional quantum optical networks and precision atomic spectroscopy near dielectric surfaces.
We analyze the ac Stark shift of a cesium atom interacting with far-off-resonance guided light fields in the nanofiber-based two-color optical dipole trap realized by Vetsch et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 203603 (2010)]. Particular emphasis is given to the fictitious magnetic field produced by the vector polarizability of the atom in conjunction with the ellipticity of the polarization of the trapping fields. Taking into account the ac Stark shift, the atomic hyperfine interaction, and a magnetic interaction, we solve the stationary Schr\"odinger equation at a fixed point in space and find Zeeman-state-dependent trapping potentials. In analogy to the dynamics in magnetic traps, a local degeneracy of these state-dependent trapping potentials can cause spin flips and should thus be avoided. We show that this is possible using an external magnetic field. Depending on the direction of this external magnetic field, the resulting trapping configuration can still exhibit state-dependent displacement of the potential minima. In this case, we find nonzero Franck-Condon factors between motional states of the potentials for different hyperfine-structure levels and propose the possibility of microwave cooling in a nanofiber-based two-color trap.