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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Experiments with a fiber-based optical dipole trap for cold Cs-Atoms

D. Reitz, R. Mitsch, Samuel T. Dawkins, Manfred Willy Müller, E. Vetsch, Arno Rauschenbeutel

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the setup, such an optical nanofiber with a diameter of 500 nm is used to create a dipole trap potential for cold cesium atoms with a depth of a few hundred μK and a lifetime of 50 ms. The trapping potential realizes a 1d optical lattice via the evanescent fields of two far-detuned trapping lasers, working at 780 nm and 1064 nm and a total power of around 30 mW.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2011.5943587

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In the setup, such an optical nanofiber with a diameter of 500 nm is used to create a dipole trap potential for cold cesium atoms with a depth of a few hundred μK and a lifetime of 50 ms. The trapping potential realizes a 1d optical lattice via the evanescent fields of two far-detuned trapping lasers, working at 780 nm and 1064 nm and a total power of around 30 mW.
We have recently demonstrated a new experimental platform for trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled cesium atoms. The scheme uses a two-color evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber to localize the atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice 200 nm above the nanofiber surface [1]. In order to use this fiber-coupled ensemble of trapped atoms for applications in the context of quantum communication and quantum information processing, non-classical states of the atomic spins have to be prepared and should live long enough to allow one to apply successive quantum gates. The close proximity of the trapped atoms to the nanofiber surface and the strong polarization gradients of nanofiber-guided light fields are potentially important sources of decoherence. Here, we present our latest experimental results on the coherence properties of atomic spins in our nanofiber-based trap. Using a microwave field to drive the clock transition, we determine inhomogeneous and homogeneous dephasing times by Ramsey and spin echo techniques, respectively. Our results constitute the first measurement of the coherence properties of atoms trapped in the vicinity of a nanofiber and represent a fundamental step towards establishing nanofiber-based traps for cold atoms as a building block in a quantum network.
We suggest using a two-color evanescent light field around a subwavelength-diameter fiber to trap and guide atoms. The optical fiber carries a red-detuned light and a blue-detuned light, with both modes far from resonance. When both input light fields are circularly polarized, a set of trapping minima of the total potential in the transverse plane is formed as a ring around the fiber. This design allows confinement of atoms to a cylindrical shell around the fiber. When one or both of the input light fields are linearly polarized, the total potential has two local minimum points in the transverse plane. This design allows confinement of atoms to two straight lines parallel to the fiber axis. Due to the small thickness of the fiber, we can use far-off-resonance fields with substantially differing evanescent decay lengths to produce a net potential with a large depth, a large coherence time, and a large trap lifetime. For example, a 0.2-\ensuremath{\mu}m-radius silica fiber carrying 30 mW of 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m-wavelength light and 29 mW of 700-nm-wavelength light, both fields circularly polarized at the input, gives for cesium atoms a trap depth of 2.9 mK, a coherence time of 32 ms, and a recoil-heating-limited trap lifetime of 541 s.
Trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled neutral atoms are essential requirements for their use in advanced quantum technologies. Here we simultaneously realize both of these tasks with cesium atoms interacting with a multicolor evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. The atoms are localized in a one-dimensional optical lattice about 200 nm above the nanofiber surface and can be efficiently interrogated with a resonant light field sent through the nanofiber. Our technique opens the route towards the direct integration of laser-cooled atomic ensembles within fiber networks, an important prerequisite for large scale quantum communication schemes. Moreover, it is ideally suited to the realization of hybrid quantum systems that combine atoms with, e.g., solid state quantum devices.
We report the experimental realization of dark state atoms trapping in a nanofiber optical lattice.By applying the magicwavelength trapping potentials of cesium atoms, the AC Stark shifts are strongly suppressed.The dark magneto-optical trap efficiently transfers the cold atoms from bright (6S 1/2 , F = 4) into dark state (6S 1/2 , F = 3) for hyperfine energy levels of cesium atoms.The observed transfer efficiency is as high as 98% via saturation measurement.The trapping lifetime of dark state atoms trapped by a nanofiber optical lattice is also investigated, which is the key element for realizing optical storage.This work contributes to the manipulation of atomic electric dipole spin waves and quantum information storage for fiber networks.
We experimentally study the ground state coherence properties of cesium atoms in a nanofiber-based two-color dipole trap, localized ∼ 200 nm away from the fiber surface. Using microwave radiation to coherently drive the clock transition, we record Ramsey fringes as well as spin echo signals and infer a reversible dephasing time of T(2)(*) = 0.6 ms and an irreversible dephasing time of T(2)(') = 3.7 ms. By modeling the signals, we find that, for our experimental parameters, T(2)(*) and T(2)(') are limited by the finite initial temperature of the atomic ensemble and the heating rate, respectively. Our results represent a fundamental step towards establishing nanofiber-based traps for cold atoms as a building block in an optical fiber quantum network.
We are in the process of building an experimental setup for trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled strontium atoms using the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber [1]. The nanofiber is produced from a standard step-index optical fiber in a heat-pull process. It features a waist diameter of 230 nm where light is still efficiently guided while a significant part of the light propagates in the form of an evanescent field surrounding the nanofiber. Atoms are trapped in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice formed by two fiber-guided light-fields, red- and blue-detuned with respect to the strong transition at a wavelength of 461 nm. The aim is to realize a compensated trap, where the wavelengths of the trapping fields are magic for the 7.4 kHz wide intercombination line at 689 nm. This will allow us to implement advanced schemes for loading atoms into the 1D optical lattice and to investigate the phenomenon of selective radiance [2], where the atoms themselves can act as the waveguide. Here we will present our compact design for trapping strontium atoms from a laser ablated source with a “hot MOT” (operated at 461 nm wavelength), then transfer them to a “cold MOT” (operated at the intercombination line) and to the nanofiber trap.