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arXiv:1203.5108 · Physical Review Letters

Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap

Akihisa Goban, Kyung Soo Choi, Daniel J. Alton, D. Ding, Clément Lacroûte, M. Pototschnig, Tobias Thiele, Nathaniel P. Stern, Harry J. Kimble

Published Jul 19, 2012• 358 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental realization of an optical trap that localizes single Cs atoms $\ensuremath{\simeq}215\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$ from the surface of a dielectric nanofiber. By operating at magic wavelengths for pairs of counterpropagating red- and blue-detuned trapping beams, differential scalar light shifts are eliminated, and vector shifts are suppressed by $\ensuremath{\approx}250$. We thereby measure an absorption linewidth $\ensuremath{\Gamma}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}$ for the Cs $6{S}_{1/2}$, $F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5$ transition, where ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}$ in free space. An optical depth $d\ensuremath{\simeq}66$ is observed, corresponding to an optical depth per atom ${d}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.08$. These advances provide an important capability for the implementation of functional quantum optical networks and precision atomic spectroscopy near dielectric surfaces.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.109.033603

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We report the experimental realization of an optical trap that localizes single Cs atoms \ensuremath≃215  nm\ensuremath{\simeq}215\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}\ensuremath≃215  nm from the surface of a dielectric nanofiber. By operating at magic wavelengths for pairs of counterpropagating red- and blue-detuned trapping beams, differential scalar light shifts are eliminated, and vector shifts are suppressed by \ensuremath≈250\ensuremath{\approx}250\ensuremath≈250. We thereby measure an absorption linewidth \ensuremathΓ/2\ensuremathπ=5.7\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1  MHz\ensuremath{\Gamma}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}\ensuremathΓ/2\ensuremathπ=5.7\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1  MHz for the Cs 6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​, F=4\ensuremath→6P3/2F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}F=4\ensuremath→6P3/2​, F\ensuremath′=5{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5F\ensuremath′=5 transition, where \ensuremathΓ0/2\ensuremathπ=5.2  MHz{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=5.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MHz}\ensuremathΓ0​/2\ensuremathπ=5.2  MHz in free space. An optical depth d\ensuremath≃66d\ensuremath{\simeq}66d\ensuremath≃66 is observed, corresponding to an optical depth per atom d1\ensuremath≃0.08{d}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.08d1​\ensuremath≃0.08. These advances provide an important capability for the implementation of functional quantum optical networks and precision atomic spectroscopy near dielectric surfaces.
Laser trapping and interfacing of laser-cooled atoms in an optical fiber network is an important capability for quantum information science. Following the pioneering work of Balykin et al. and Vetsch et al., we propose a robust method of trapping single Cesium atoms with a two-color state-insensitive evanescent wave around a dielectric nanofiber. Specifically, we show that vector light shifts (i.e., effective inhomogeneous Zeeman broadening of the ground states) induced by the inherent ellipticity of the forward-propagating evanescent wave can be effectively canceled by a backward-propagating evanescent wave. Furthermore, by operating the trapping lasers at the magic wavelengths, we remove the differential scalar light shift between ground and excited states, thereby allowing for resonant driving of the optical D2 transition. This scheme provides a promising approach to trap and probe neutral atoms with long trap and coherence lifetimes with realistic experimental parameters.
Neutral atoms that are optically trapped using the evanescent fields surrounding optical nanofibers are a promising platform for developing quantum technologies and exploring fundamental science, such as quantum networks and many-body physics of interacting photons.Building on the successful advancements with trapped alkali atoms, here we trap strontium-88 atoms, an alkaline-earth element, in a state-insensitive, nanofiber-based optical dipole trap using the evanescent fields of an optical nanofiber.Employing a two-color, double magic-wavelength trapping scheme, we realize state-insensitive trapping of the atoms for the kilohertz-wide 5s 2 1 S 0 -5s5p 3 P 1,|m|=1 intercombination transition, which we verify by performing high-resolution spectroscopy for an atom-surface distance of about 300 nm.This allows us to experimentally find and verify the state insensitivity of the trap nearby a theoretically predicted magic wavelength of 435.827(25) nm, a necessary step to confirm precision atomic physics calculations.Alkaline-earth atoms also exhibit nonmagnetic ground states and ultranarrow linewidth transitions making them ideal candidates for atomic clocks and precision metrology applications, especially with state-insensitive traps.Additionally, given the low collisional scattering length specific to strontium-88, this work also lays the foundation for developing versatile and robust matter-wave atomtronic circuits over nanophotonic waveguides.
Neutral atoms trapped in the evanescent optical potentials of nanotapered optical fibers are a promising platform for developing quantum technologies and exploring fundamental science, such as quantum networks and quantum electrodynamics. Building on the successful advancements with trapped alkali atoms, here we demonstrate a state-insensitive optical dipole trap for strontium-88, an alkaline-earth atom, using the evanescent fields of a nanotapered optical fiber. Leveraging the low laser-cooling temperatures of ∼ ⁣ ⁣1 μ\sim\!\!1~μ∼1 μK readily achievable with strontium, we demonstrate trapping in record low trap depths corresponding to ∼ ⁣ ⁣3 μ\sim\!\!3~μ∼3 μK. Further, employing a double magic wavelength trapping scheme, we realize state-insensitive trapping on the kilohertz-wide 5s2  1 ⁣S0−5s5p  3 ⁣P1,∣m∣=15s^{2}\;^{1}\!S_{0}-5s5p\;^{3}\!P_{1,|m|=1}5s21S0​−5s5p3P1,∣m∣=1​ cooling transition, which we verify by performing near-surface high-resolution spectroscopy of the atomic transition. This allows us to experimentally find and verify the state insensitivity of the trap nearby a theoretically predicted magic wavelength of 435.827(25) nm. Given the non-magnetic ground state and low collisional scattering length of strontium-88, this work also lays the foundation for developing versatile and robust matter-wave atomtronic circuits over nanophotonic waveguides.
In this work we characterize a state-insensitive dipole trap for cold cesium atoms, as realized by tightly focusing a single running laser beam at the magic wavelength. The use of trapping light at the magic wavelength of 935.6935.6935.6 nm resulted in the same ac Stark shift for the 6S1/2{}^{6}{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​ ground state and the 6P3/2{}^{6}{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ excited state. A complete characterization of the trap is given, which includes the dependence of the lifetime on the trap depth, an analysis of the important role played by a depumper beam, and a comparison with dipole trapping at different (nonmagic) wavelengths. In particular, we measured the differential light shift of the relevant optical transition as a function of the trapping light wavelength, and showed that it becomes zero at the magic wavelength. Our results are compared to previous realizations of state-insensitive dipole traps for cesium atoms. We also discuss the possible role of the state-insensitive trap, its limitations, and possible developments for the study of ground-state quantum coherence phenomena and related applications.
We report the experimental realization of dark state atoms trapping in a nanofiber optical lattice.By applying the magicwavelength trapping potentials of cesium atoms, the AC Stark shifts are strongly suppressed.The dark magneto-optical trap efficiently transfers the cold atoms from bright (6S 1/2 , F = 4) into dark state (6S 1/2 , F = 3) for hyperfine energy levels of cesium atoms.The observed transfer efficiency is as high as 98% via saturation measurement.The trapping lifetime of dark state atoms trapped by a nanofiber optical lattice is also investigated, which is the key element for realizing optical storage.This work contributes to the manipulation of atomic electric dipole spin waves and quantum information storage for fiber networks.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrate optical trapping of atoms using a two-color evanescent field around an optical nanofiber. In our trapping geometry, a blue-detuned traveling wave whose polarization is nearly parallel to the polarization of a red-detuned standing wave produces significant vector light shifts that lead to broadening of the absorption profile of a near-resonant beam at the trapping site. A model that includes scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts of the probe transition - from the trapping beams, weighted by the temperature-dependent position of the atoms in the trap, qualitatively describes the observed asymmetric profile and explains differences with previous experiments that used Cs atoms. The model provides a consistent way to extract the number of atoms in the trap.