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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Quantum steering enhancement using correlation injection structure based on a cascaded four-wave-mixing processes

Shuqin Zhai, Xiaolan Kang, Kui Liu

Published Nov 11, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Multipartite quantum steering is an essential quantum resource in the process of secure quantum communication. The enhancement of quantum steering is important for specific quantum communication tasks. In this work, we present a quadripartite quantum steering scheme based on correlation injection structure by symmetrical cascaded four-wave-mixing processes and analyze steering properties of different mode combinations. We theoretically prove that for some mode combinations, a correlation injection scheme can enhance the quantum steering under certain conditions, while for other combinations, a correlation injection scheme can decrease the quantum steering under certain conditions. The method offers a reference for the secure quantum information network.

DOI
10.1364/josab.431917

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2025•1 citation
Multipartite quantum steering is an essential quantum resource in the process of secure quantum communication. The enhancement of quantum steering is important for specific quantum communication tasks. In this work, we present a quadripartite quantum steering scheme based on correlation injection structure by symmetrical cascaded four-wave-mixing processes and analyze steering properties of different mode combinations. We theoretically prove that for some mode combinations, a correlation injection scheme can enhance the quantum steering under certain conditions, while for other combinations, a correlation injection scheme can decrease the quantum steering under certain conditions. The method offers a reference for the secure quantum information network.
Abstract Multipartite quantum steering has important applications in secure quantum communication networks. In this work, three different energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate quadripartite quantum steering. The covariance matrix among different modes combination is constructed. The properties of quantum steering of the three cascaded models were studied. The results show that all three model structures can achieve various types of quantum steering, and the steerability varies with the amplitude gain of the FWM processes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the experimental generation of multipartite quantum steering and a significant reference for secure quantum communication.
Multipartite quantum steering is an important quantum resource and the basis of secure quantum communication network. Multipartite quantum steering can be generated by beam splitter networks, optical frequency comb systems and nonlinear processes. Different types of quantum steering will be produced by different projects. In this paper, we design two different schemes, i.e. series cascaded four-wave mixing and hybrid cascaded four-wave mixing, and based on these two schemes tripartite quantum steering and quinquepartite quantum steering are generated respectively. The steering characters among different users are quantified based on the covariance matrix. In theory, we investigate steering parameters among different modes created by two schemes versus the amplitude gain of four-wave mixing process. We find that one mode can steer the other two modes separately, but the other two modes cannot steer the one mode simultaneously. By comparing the steering characters of joint multimodes to a certain single mode with the individual mode to the single mode respectively, it can be seen that the steerability of the former is stronger than the latter in the whole gain region, and there exists only the steering of joint multimodes to a single mode in the partial gain region. More importantly, the steerability of joint multimodes to a single mode can be enhanced with the quantity of joint multimodes increasing. The results show that multiple types of quantum steering can be realized by using these two schemes, which are helpful in understanding the distribution of quantum steering in multipartite system and have important significance in practical secure quantum communication and quantum secret sharing.
Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum beams are important for both fundamental science and the development of quantum technologies. The enhancement for them is necessary and important to implement the specific quantum tasks and goals. Here, we report a correlation injection scheme (CIS) which is an effective method to enhance the quantum correlations and entanglement in the symmetrical cascaded four-wave mixing processes, and the properties of quantum correlations and entanglement can be characterized by the values of the degree of intensity-difference squeezing (DS) and the smallest symplectic eigenvalues, respectively. Our results show that the CIS can enhance the quantum correlations and entanglement under certain conditions, while for other conditions it can only decrease the values of the DS and the smallest symplectic eigenvalues to the level of standard quantum limit, respectively. We believe that our scheme is experimentally accessible and will contribute to a deeper understanding of the manipulations of the quantum correlations and entanglement in various quantum networks.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has been recognized as an essential resource for secure quantum communication tasks composed of several spatially separated parties who cannot be fully trusted. Nevertheless, this resource cannot be distributed arbitrarily over many parties; for instance, two independent players cannot simultaneously steer the third party by two-setting measurements. This feature is referred to as monogamy of steering, which ensures the security of quantum cryptographic protocols and is thus a very desired property to investigate for multipartite steering. Here, we propose symmetric and asymmetric structures of cascaded four-wave mixing of rubidium atoms to generate versatile quadripartite EPR steering and investigate four distinct types of monogamy relations of Gaussian steering. We find that the distribution constraint described by one of the monogamy relations can be lifted only for the quadripartite steering created by the symmetric setup. This result paves the way for a better understanding of the distribution rules of multipartite EPR steering and its potential applications for secure quantum communication.
In a quantum communication network, multipartite Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering has become an important resource and has attracted much attention because of its important role in quantum secret sharing and quantum secure communication. In this paper, we investigate the multipartite EPR steering characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric structures based on four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. Multipartite quantum steering, among the four output light fields produced by two structures, is theoretically analyzed. We find that both symmetric and asymmetric structures can verify Gaussian steered monogamous relationships, but the asymmetric structure produces stronger steering and has more flexibility to manipulate monogamous relationships. The results presented here may find potential applications in secure quantum information manipulation processes.
Quantum resource swapping is crucial for establishing quantum networks and achieving efficient quantum communication and it allows quantum resources to be shared and allocated between nodes in a quantum network, thereby enhancing network flexibility and quantum information processing capabilities. Quantum steering is a special type of quantum correlation that exhibits unique asymmetry compared with quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. This asymmetry enables quantum steering swapping to establish one-way or two-way asymmetry quantum steering between two independent optical modes, which is crucial for constructing asymmetric quantum networks. In this work, an all-optical quantum steering swapping scheme is proposed based on tripartite entangled state and bipartite entangled state. The all-optical scheme does not involve optic-electro conversion nor electro-optic conversion, but utilizes a low-noise, high-bandwidth four-wave mixing process to achieve the function of Bell state measurement in traditional schemes without measurement. After the steering swapping operation, the two originally independent entangled states without direct interaction generate quantum steering. In this work, two swapping schemes in the four-wave mixing processes, combined with linear beam splitter and nonlinear beam splitter, are investigated. By analyzing the steering characteristics of the output modes, both schemes exhibit varieties of multipartite steering types. By adjusting the transmissivity of the linear beam splitter and the gain of the four-wave mixing process, the steering relationship can be flexibly manipulated to achieve one-way and two-way asymmetry steering. This provides new possibilities for one-way quantum communication and quantum information processing, making the utilization of quantum resources more efficient and controllable. Through in-depth analysis of the steering characteristics after swapping, it is found that compared with the linear beam splitter scheme, the nonlinear beam splitter scheme not only significantly improves the capability of quantum steering, but also allows for more flexible manipulation of monogamy relations of quantum steering. By optimizing the gain parameters of the nonlinear beam splitter, the precise manipulation of the monogamy relations can be achieved over a wider range. This not only expands broader application prospects for information processing and quantum communication in quantum networks, but also lays an important foundation for building efficient and secure quantum information processing systems.