Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Acta Physica Sinica

Quantum steering based on cascaded four-wave mixing processes

Shuqin Zhai, Xiaolan Kang, Kui Liu

Published Jan 1, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multipartite quantum steering is an important quantum resource and the basis of secure quantum communication network. Multipartite quantum steering can be generated by beam splitter networks, optical frequency comb systems and nonlinear processes. Different types of quantum steering will be produced by different projects. In this paper, we design two different schemes, i.e. series cascaded four-wave mixing and hybrid cascaded four-wave mixing, and based on these two schemes tripartite quantum steering and quinquepartite quantum steering are generated respectively. The steering characters among different users are quantified based on the covariance matrix. In theory, we investigate steering parameters among different modes created by two schemes versus the amplitude gain of four-wave mixing process. We find that one mode can steer the other two modes separately, but the other two modes cannot steer the one mode simultaneously. By comparing the steering characters of joint multimodes to a certain single mode with the individual mode to the single mode respectively, it can be seen that the steerability of the former is stronger than the latter in the whole gain region, and there exists only the steering of joint multimodes to a single mode in the partial gain region. More importantly, the steerability of joint multimodes to a single mode can be enhanced with the quantity of joint multimodes increasing. The results show that multiple types of quantum steering can be realized by using these two schemes, which are helpful in understanding the distribution of quantum steering in multipartite system and have important significance in practical secure quantum communication and quantum secret sharing.

DOI
10.7498/aps.70.20201981

Related papers

Quadripartite EPR steering based on energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing processes

Shuqin Zhai, Nana Zhang, Kui Liu

Abstract Multipartite quantum steering has important applications in secure quantum communication networks. In this work, three different energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate quadripartite quantum steering. The covariance matrix among different modes combination is constructed. The properties of quantum steering of the three cascaded models were studied. The results show that all three model structures can achieve various types of quantum steering, and the steerability varies with the amplitude gain of the FWM processes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the experimental generation of multipartite quantum steering and a significant reference for secure quantum communication.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 7, 2022•2 citations

Tripartite all-optical quantum steering swapping based on four-wave mixing process

Xiaoling Li, Shuqin Zhai, Kui Liu

Quantum resource swapping is crucial for establishing quantum networks and achieving efficient quantum communication and it allows quantum resources to be shared and allocated between nodes in a quantum network, thereby enhancing network flexibility and quantum information processing capabilities. Quantum steering is a special type of quantum correlation that exhibits unique asymmetry compared with quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. This asymmetry enables quantum steering swapping to establish one-way or two-way asymmetry quantum steering between two independent optical modes, which is crucial for constructing asymmetric quantum networks. In this work, an all-optical quantum steering swapping scheme is proposed based on tripartite entangled state and bipartite entangled state. The all-optical scheme does not involve optic-electro conversion nor electro-optic conversion, but utilizes a low-noise, high-bandwidth four-wave mixing process to achieve the function of Bell state measurement in traditional schemes without measurement. After the steering swapping operation, the two originally independent entangled states without direct interaction generate quantum steering. In this work, two swapping schemes in the four-wave mixing processes, combined with linear beam splitter and nonlinear beam splitter, are investigated. By analyzing the steering characteristics of the output modes, both schemes exhibit varieties of multipartite steering types. By adjusting the transmissivity of the linear beam splitter and the gain of the four-wave mixing process, the steering relationship can be flexibly manipulated to achieve one-way and two-way asymmetry steering. This provides new possibilities for one-way quantum communication and quantum information processing, making the utilization of quantum resources more efficient and controllable. Through in-depth analysis of the steering characteristics after swapping, it is found that compared with the linear beam splitter scheme, the nonlinear beam splitter scheme not only significantly improves the capability of quantum steering, but also allows for more flexible manipulation of monogamy relations of quantum steering. By optimizing the gain parameters of the nonlinear beam splitter, the precise manipulation of the monogamy relations can be achieved over a wider range. This not only expands broader application prospects for information processing and quantum communication in quantum networks, but also lays an important foundation for building efficient and secure quantum information processing systems.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2025•1 citation

Quantum steering enhancement using correlation injection structure based on a cascaded four-wave-mixing processes

Shuqin Zhai, Xiaolan Kang, Kui Liu

Multipartite quantum steering is an essential quantum resource in the process of secure quantum communication. The enhancement of quantum steering is important for specific quantum communication tasks. In this work, we present a quadripartite quantum steering scheme based on correlation injection structure by symmetrical cascaded four-wave-mixing processes and analyze steering properties of different mode combinations. We theoretically prove that for some mode combinations, a correlation injection scheme can enhance the quantum steering under certain conditions, while for other combinations, a correlation injection scheme can decrease the quantum steering under certain conditions. The method offers a reference for the secure quantum information network.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 11, 2021•1 citation

Three-color and tripartite steering generated by intracavity cascaded processes

Zhuoyu Li, Shuqin Zhai, Liting Kong +1 more

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering has important practical applications in secure quantum communication because of its unique characters. Multicolor and multipartite EPR steering is an important resource for connecting different physical systems in the quantum networks with several nodes. We investigate three-color and tripartite steering properties based on the intracavity cascaded nonlinear processes of down conversion and sum frequency. Based on the criteria proposed by Kogias [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 060403 (2015)], the steering parameters among down-conversion fields and sum-frequency field versus the normalized frequency and the pump parameter are studied. Our research shows that the direction of steering and steerability can be manipulated flexibly. We also show that quantum secret sharing can be realized in our scheme. And the results of asymmetric quantum steering and joint quantum steering among different modes provide a technical reference for the construction of secure quantum information network.

Optical Engineering•Feb 8, 2023•0 citations

Quantum steering in cascaded four-wave mixing processes

Li Wang, Shuchao Lv, Jietai Jing

Quantum steering is used to describe the "spooky action-at-a-distance" nonlocality raised in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, which is important for understanding entanglement distribution and constructing quantum networks. Here, in this paper, we study an experimentally feasible scheme for generating quantum steering based on cascaded four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium (Rb) vapor. Quantum steering, including bipartite steering and genuine tripartite steering among the output light fields, is theoretically analyzed. We find the corresponding gain regions in which the bipartite and tripartite steering exist. The results of bipartite steering can be used to establish a hierarchical steering model in which one beam can steer the other two beams in the whole gain region; however, the other two beams cannot steer the first beam simultaneously. Moreover, the other two beams cannot steer with each other in the whole gain region. More importantly, we investigate the gain dependence of the existence of the genuine tripartite steering and we find that the genuine tripartite steering exists in most of the whole gain region in the ideal case. Also we discuss the effect of losses on the genuine tripartite steering. Our results pave the way to experimental demonstration of quantum steering in cascaded FWM process.

Optics Express•Jul 12, 2017•17 citations

Tripartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering with linear and nonlinear beamsplitters in four-wave mixing of Rubidium atoms

Yang Liu, Yin Cai, Yu Xiang +3 more

Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an essential resource for secure one-sided device-independent quantum secret sharing. Here, we analyze the EPR steering properties exhibited in three-mode Gaussian states created by four-wave mixing (FWM) in Rubidium atoms combined with a linear beamsplitter and a nonlinear beamsplitter (second FWM), respectively. By quantifying Gaussian steerability based on a measure determined by the covariance matrix of the produced states, we compare the performance of two schemes to achieve one-way, collective, and genuine tripartite steering, as well as the monogamy constraints for distributing steering among three parties. We show that the scheme with nonlinear beamsplitter is feasible to create stronger bipartite steering and genuine tripartite steering and has more flexibility to manipulate the monogamy relation through the cooperation of the two cascaded FWM processes.

Optics Express•Oct 28, 2019•25 citations
Multipartite quantum steering is an important quantum resource and the basis of secure quantum communication network. Multipartite quantum steering can be generated by beam splitter networks, optical frequency comb systems and nonlinear processes. Different types of quantum steering will be produced by different projects. In this paper, we design two different schemes, i.e. series cascaded four-wave mixing and hybrid cascaded four-wave mixing, and based on these two schemes tripartite quantum steering and quinquepartite quantum steering are generated respectively. The steering characters among different users are quantified based on the covariance matrix. In theory, we investigate steering parameters among different modes created by two schemes versus the amplitude gain of four-wave mixing process. We find that one mode can steer the other two modes separately, but the other two modes cannot steer the one mode simultaneously. By comparing the steering characters of joint multimodes to a certain single mode with the individual mode to the single mode respectively, it can be seen that the steerability of the former is stronger than the latter in the whole gain region, and there exists only the steering of joint multimodes to a single mode in the partial gain region. More importantly, the steerability of joint multimodes to a single mode can be enhanced with the quantity of joint multimodes increasing. The results show that multiple types of quantum steering can be realized by using these two schemes, which are helpful in understanding the distribution of quantum steering in multipartite system and have important significance in practical secure quantum communication and quantum secret sharing.
Abstract Multipartite quantum steering has important applications in secure quantum communication networks. In this work, three different energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate quadripartite quantum steering. The covariance matrix among different modes combination is constructed. The properties of quantum steering of the three cascaded models were studied. The results show that all three model structures can achieve various types of quantum steering, and the steerability varies with the amplitude gain of the FWM processes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the experimental generation of multipartite quantum steering and a significant reference for secure quantum communication.
Quantum resource swapping is crucial for establishing quantum networks and achieving efficient quantum communication and it allows quantum resources to be shared and allocated between nodes in a quantum network, thereby enhancing network flexibility and quantum information processing capabilities. Quantum steering is a special type of quantum correlation that exhibits unique asymmetry compared with quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. This asymmetry enables quantum steering swapping to establish one-way or two-way asymmetry quantum steering between two independent optical modes, which is crucial for constructing asymmetric quantum networks. In this work, an all-optical quantum steering swapping scheme is proposed based on tripartite entangled state and bipartite entangled state. The all-optical scheme does not involve optic-electro conversion nor electro-optic conversion, but utilizes a low-noise, high-bandwidth four-wave mixing process to achieve the function of Bell state measurement in traditional schemes without measurement. After the steering swapping operation, the two originally independent entangled states without direct interaction generate quantum steering. In this work, two swapping schemes in the four-wave mixing processes, combined with linear beam splitter and nonlinear beam splitter, are investigated. By analyzing the steering characteristics of the output modes, both schemes exhibit varieties of multipartite steering types. By adjusting the transmissivity of the linear beam splitter and the gain of the four-wave mixing process, the steering relationship can be flexibly manipulated to achieve one-way and two-way asymmetry steering. This provides new possibilities for one-way quantum communication and quantum information processing, making the utilization of quantum resources more efficient and controllable. Through in-depth analysis of the steering characteristics after swapping, it is found that compared with the linear beam splitter scheme, the nonlinear beam splitter scheme not only significantly improves the capability of quantum steering, but also allows for more flexible manipulation of monogamy relations of quantum steering. By optimizing the gain parameters of the nonlinear beam splitter, the precise manipulation of the monogamy relations can be achieved over a wider range. This not only expands broader application prospects for information processing and quantum communication in quantum networks, but also lays an important foundation for building efficient and secure quantum information processing systems.
Multipartite quantum steering is an essential quantum resource in the process of secure quantum communication. The enhancement of quantum steering is important for specific quantum communication tasks. In this work, we present a quadripartite quantum steering scheme based on correlation injection structure by symmetrical cascaded four-wave-mixing processes and analyze steering properties of different mode combinations. We theoretically prove that for some mode combinations, a correlation injection scheme can enhance the quantum steering under certain conditions, while for other combinations, a correlation injection scheme can decrease the quantum steering under certain conditions. The method offers a reference for the secure quantum information network.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering has important practical applications in secure quantum communication because of its unique characters. Multicolor and multipartite EPR steering is an important resource for connecting different physical systems in the quantum networks with several nodes. We investigate three-color and tripartite steering properties based on the intracavity cascaded nonlinear processes of down conversion and sum frequency. Based on the criteria proposed by Kogias [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 060403 (2015)], the steering parameters among down-conversion fields and sum-frequency field versus the normalized frequency and the pump parameter are studied. Our research shows that the direction of steering and steerability can be manipulated flexibly. We also show that quantum secret sharing can be realized in our scheme. And the results of asymmetric quantum steering and joint quantum steering among different modes provide a technical reference for the construction of secure quantum information network.
Quantum steering is used to describe the "spooky action-at-a-distance" nonlocality raised in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, which is important for understanding entanglement distribution and constructing quantum networks. Here, in this paper, we study an experimentally feasible scheme for generating quantum steering based on cascaded four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium (Rb) vapor. Quantum steering, including bipartite steering and genuine tripartite steering among the output light fields, is theoretically analyzed. We find the corresponding gain regions in which the bipartite and tripartite steering exist. The results of bipartite steering can be used to establish a hierarchical steering model in which one beam can steer the other two beams in the whole gain region; however, the other two beams cannot steer the first beam simultaneously. Moreover, the other two beams cannot steer with each other in the whole gain region. More importantly, we investigate the gain dependence of the existence of the genuine tripartite steering and we find that the genuine tripartite steering exists in most of the whole gain region in the ideal case. Also we discuss the effect of losses on the genuine tripartite steering. Our results pave the way to experimental demonstration of quantum steering in cascaded FWM process.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an essential resource for secure one-sided device-independent quantum secret sharing. Here, we analyze the EPR steering properties exhibited in three-mode Gaussian states created by four-wave mixing (FWM) in Rubidium atoms combined with a linear beamsplitter and a nonlinear beamsplitter (second FWM), respectively. By quantifying Gaussian steerability based on a measure determined by the covariance matrix of the produced states, we compare the performance of two schemes to achieve one-way, collective, and genuine tripartite steering, as well as the monogamy constraints for distributing steering among three parties. We show that the scheme with nonlinear beamsplitter is feasible to create stronger bipartite steering and genuine tripartite steering and has more flexibility to manipulate the monogamy relation through the cooperation of the two cascaded FWM processes.