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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optimising single electron transistors as electrometers for high-precision electrometry of charge on quantum dots

Vincent I. Conrad, Andrew D. Greentree, David N. Jamieson, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
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The radio-frequency single-electron-transistor (rf-SET) is an electrometer that can sense a fraction of an electron charge on microsecond timescales. At present this device is prevented from reaching quantum limits by the noise contribution of the post-amplifier, generally a cryogenic high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT). We present results to date in our effort to construct an alternative post-amplifier based on the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). These SQUID-based amplifiers, which are fabricated in aluminium via electron beam lithography and shadow mask evaporation open the possibility of near-quantum-limited electrometry with the rf-SET.
We have studied resonant tunneling transistors (RTT) made of single-walled carbon nanotube quantum dots in the Fabry–Pérot regime. We show sensitivity to input charge as high as 5×10−6 e/Hz1/2 with a carrier frequency of 719 MHz at 4.2 K. This result is comparable to the best values of charge sensitivity so far reported for radio frequency single electron transistors (rf-SET). Unlike SETs, whose operating temperature is limited as Coulomb blockade vanishes as 1/T, a RTT can operate at higher temperatures, since the dephasing length lϕ∝1/T2/3.
Single-spin detection will be crucial for solid-state quantum computer (QC) architectures in which information is encoded in the spin state of single nuclear or electron spins. The formidable problem of single-spin detection in a solid can be mapped to a more tractable problem of single-charge detection through spin-dependent electron transfer which may be observed using ultrasensitive solid-state nanostructure electrometers. Here we describe a read-out architecture using single-electron transistors (SETs) that can detect the charge state of two coupled metal dots, which simulates charge transfer in a two-quantum-bit (qubit) spin system. This twin-SET architecture allows significant reduction of random charge noise by correlating two detector outputs, reducing the probability of read-out errors in the QC.