Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Two-photon spectroscopy of Rb Rydberg states

Nobuhiko Ito

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations

Abstract

Doppler-free two-photon transitions to Rydberg states in alkali metals have been recommended as a potential source of reference lines or secondary standards for wavelength calibration, because they cover a wide range of the visible spectrum.1 Observation of spectral lines for the two-photon transitions was made possible by use of a thermionic diode detector cell similar to that originally designed by Harvey.2 The Pyrex cell enclosing the diode detector and containing natural Rb was placed in a two-chamber oven so that the temperature of the cell body and that of the sidearm Rb supply could be controlled independently.

DOI: 10.1364/oam.1987.wf1

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Frequency Locking of a Dye Laser to the Two-photon Transition of Atomic Rb

Nobuhiko Ito

Abstract The two-photon transitions of atomic rubidium are clearly observed up to the 79d fine structure level using a thermionic diode detector cell, and a cw dye laser was frequency stabilized to one of the 5s- n d transition series. A frequency stability of better than 2×10 -9 was obtained.

Apr 1, 19890 citations

Fine Structure of the nD2 Series in Rubidium near the Ionization Limit

Kenneth C. Harvey, Boris Peter Stoicheff

Physical Review LettersMar 7, 1977107 citations

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Two-photon spectroscopy of Rb Rydberg states

Nobuhiko Ito

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/oam.1987.wf1

Related papers

Doppler-free two-photon transitions to Rydberg levels: convenient, useful, and precise reference wavelengths for dye lasers

S. A. Lee, Boris Peter Stoicheff, J. Helmcke +1 more

We used a tunable cw dye laser to observe Doppler-free two-photon transitions to alkali-atom Rydberg levels. Real-time signals were obtained in an ionization cell of appropriate construction. The two-photon transition wavelengths to rubidium s levels were measured up to n = 50 with better than 1 x 10(-7) absolute accuracy and can be represented to within the experimental precision by a simple function of the principal quantum number, Other related transitions and future possibilities are considered.We used a tunable cw dye laser to observe Doppler-free two-photon transitions to alkali-atom Rydberg levels. Real-time signals were obtained in an ionization cell of appropriate construction. The two-photon transition wavelengths to rubidium s levels were measured up to n = 50 with better than 1 x 10(-7) absolute accuracy and can be represented to within the experimental precision by a simple function of the principal quantum number, Other related transitions and future possibilities are considered.

Optics LettersOct 1, 197873 citations

Accessing the $\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb using a diode laser systemAccessing the $\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb using a diode laser system

Ketan D. Rathod, Vasant Natarajan A

We report observation of the $\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb vapor at 778 nm, using an external cavity diode laser system and a heated vapor cell. The spectra in the two isotopes show well-resolved hyperfine transitions. The peaks are Doppler free, and have a Lorentzian lineshape with a typical linewidth of 2.2 MHz. This linewidth is larger than the natural linewidth of 300 kHz, but is still 5--10 times smaller than the linewidth for single-photon transitions in the D $_2$ line. Since the absolute frequency of this transition is measured with 8 kHz precision, it can form a better secondary reference in the optical regime compared to the D $_2$ line.We report observation of the $\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb vapor at 778 nm, using an external cavity diode laser system and a heated vapor cell. The spectra in the two isotopes show well-resolved hyperfine transitions. The peaks are Doppler free, and have a Lorentzian lineshape with a typical linewidth of 2.2 MHz. This linewidth is larger than the natural linewidth of 300 kHz, but is still 5--10 times smaller than the linewidth for single-photon transitions in the D$_2$ line. Since the absolute frequency of this transition is measured with 8 kHz precision, it can form a better secondary reference in the optical regime compared to the D$_2$ line.

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Two-photon two-color diode laser spectroscopy of the Rb 5D5/2state

Timothy T. Grove, V. Sánchez-Villicaña, B C Duncan +2 more

We report on spectroscopic measurements of the Rb 5 D 5/2 state performed using two-photon excitation with a resonant intermediate state. With the two beams (5 S 1/2 → 5 P 3/2 at 780 nm and 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 at 776 nm) counterpropagating, the spectra are Doppler-free and the signals are very robust, even in a room temperature vapor. This is due to the near match of the transition wavelengths. The 5 D 5/2 hyperfine constants have been measured and compared to previous determinations. We have also performed the excitation in a sample of laser-cooled atoms and compare these results to those obtained at room temperature. The fact that the 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 transition is narrow, robust, diode-laser accessible, and relatively immune to AC-Stark shifts, may make it a promising candidate for a frequency reference at 776 nm.We report on spectroscopic measurements of the Rb 5 D 5/2 state performed using two-photon excitation with a resonant intermediate state. With the two beams (5 S 1/2 → 5 P 3/2 at 780 nm and 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 at 776 nm) counterpropagating, the spectra are Doppler-free and the signals are very robust, even in a room temperature vapor. This is due to the near match of the transition wavelengths. The 5 D 5/2 hyperfine constants have been measured and compared to previous determinations. We have also performed the excitation in a sample of laser-cooled atoms and compare these results to those obtained at room temperature. The fact that the 5 P 3/2 → 5 D 5/2 transition is narrow, robust, diode-laser accessible, and relatively immune to AC-Stark shifts, may make it a promising candidate for a frequency reference at 776 nm.

Physica ScriptaSep 1, 199573 citations

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies of Rb87 to nS and nD Rydberg states by means of electromagnetically induced transparency

Markus Mack, Florian Karlewski, H. Hattermann +4 more

We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ to $nS$ and $nD$ Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of ${}^{87}\text{Rb}$ , and compare it with previous measurements on ${}^{85}\text{Rb}$ . We determine the ionization frequency from the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=1)$ ground state of ${}^{87}\text{Rb}$ to $1010.029 164 6(3)\mathrm{THz}$ , providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude.We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ to $nS$ and $nD$ Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of ${}^{87}\text{Rb}$, and compare it with previous measurements on ${}^{85}\text{Rb}$. We determine the ionization frequency from the $5{S}_{1/2}(F=1)$ ground state of ${}^{87}\text{Rb}$ to $1010.029 164 6(3)\mathrm{THz}$, providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude.

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Nobuhiko Ito

Apr 1, 19890 citations

Fine Structure of the nD2 Series in Rubidium near the Ionization Limit

Kenneth C. Harvey, Boris Peter Stoicheff

Two-photon, Doppler-free spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams from a cw dye laser and a new type of thermionic detector have been used to study the $^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ levels of Rb for Rydberg states up to $n=85$ , only 16 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from the ionization limit. It is shown that the fine-structure spacing varies as ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n>\ensuremath{\sim}25$, and as a linear combination of ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n<\ensuremath{\sim}25$.Two-photon, Doppler-free spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams from a cw dye laser and a new type of thermionic detector have been used to study the $^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ levels of Rb for Rydberg states up to $n=85$, only 16 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from the ionization limit. It is shown that the fine-structure spacing varies as ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n>\ensuremath{\sim}25$, and as a linear combination of ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n<\ensuremath{\sim}25$.

Physical Review LettersMar 7, 1977107 citations

Accessing the

\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}

two-photon transition in Rb using a diode laser system

We report observation of the

\rm 5S_{1/2} \rightarrow 5D_{5/2}

two-photon transition in Rb vapor at 778 nm, using an external cavity diode laser system and a heated vapor cell. The spectra in the two isotopes show well-resolved hyperfine transitions. The peaks are Doppler free, and have a Lorentzian lineshape with a typical linewidth of 2.2 MHz. This linewidth is larger than the natural linewidth of 300 kHz, but is still 5--10 times smaller than the linewidth for single-photon transitions in the D

_2

line. Since the absolute frequency of this transition is measured with 8 kHz precision, it can form a better secondary reference in the optical regime compared to the D

_2

line.

We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

nS

and

nD

Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of

{}^{87}\text{Rb}

, and compare it with previous measurements on

{}^{85}\text{Rb}

. We determine the ionization frequency from the

5{S}_{1/2}(F=1)

ground state of

{}^{87}\text{Rb}

1010.029 164 6(3)\mathrm{THz}

, providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude.

Two-photon, Doppler-free spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams from a cw dye laser and a new type of thermionic detector have been used to study the

^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}

and

^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}

levels of Rb for Rydberg states up to

n=85

, only 16 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from the ionization limit. It is shown that the fine-structure spacing varies as ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n>\ensuremath{\sim}25$, and as a linear combination of ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and ${{n}_{\mathrm{eff}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for $n<\ensuremath{\sim}25$.