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Tenth International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics

Observing the different two-photon interference phenomena at ultrashort timescale with a series of polarizers based on two-photon absorption detection

Sheng Luo, Yu Zhou, Huaibin Zheng, Jianbin Liu, Hui Chen, Zhuo Xu

Published Nov 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A series of different combinations of polarizers are employed to manipulate different two-photon interference phenomena in an all physical way. Not only the second-order coherence function hidden in the two-photon absorption counting can be obtained, but also the disappeared interference pattern based on two-photon absorption detection can be recovered. In theory, polarization matrix and two-photon interference matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed experiment and theory may serve as tools on the research of vector coherent optics and have potential application in some fields, such as optical polarimetry, optical interferometer and optical polarization communication.

DOI
10.1117/12.2604190

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A series of different combinations of polarizers are employed to manipulate different two-photon interference phenomena in an all physical way. Not only the second-order coherence function hidden in the two-photon absorption counting can be obtained, but also the disappeared interference pattern based on two-photon absorption detection can be recovered. In theory, polarization matrix and two-photon interference matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed experiment and theory may serve as tools on the research of vector coherent optics and have potential application in some fields, such as optical polarimetry, optical interferometer and optical polarization communication.
The polarization modulation is employed to recover the hidden photon bunching effect of broadband chaotic light at ultrashort timescale based on two-photon absorption detector. Not only the hidden second-order coherence function in the two-photon absorption counting can be obtained, but also the disappeared two-photon interference pattern based on two-photon absorption detection can be recovered. In theory, polarization matrix and two-photon interference probability amplitudes matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed method may help to develop future optical interferometry, optical polarimetry.
The two-photon interference effect of polarized light holds significant research importance in quantum optics. Different types of polarized light exhibit distinct interference behaviors, making the systematic study of these behaviors crucial. This paper introduces the concept of the polarization two-photon coherence matrix and provides a theoretical explanation for the differences in two-photon interference phenomena among linear, circular, and elliptically polarized light. Using a polarization Michelson interferometer based on two-photon absorption detection, second-order interference images of circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light were experimentally captured. The differences in these two-photon interference phenomena can be elucidated by visualizing the polarization coherence matrix. Furthermore, this theory was applied to the study of sub-wavelength interference phenomena of circularly polarized light, confirming the universality of the theoretical model and offering new perspectives and tools for the study of quantum optics.
Two-photon interference of broadband chaotic light in a Michelson interferometer is theoretically and numerically studied with a two-photon-absorption detector when polarizations are taken into account. Under the frame of quantum optics, the theoretical analysis is based on two-photon interference and Feynman path integral theory. A two-photon coherence matrix is introduced to calculate the second-order interference pattern. Our research shows that polarization is another dimension, as well as time and space, to tune the second-order interference pattern in the two-photon interference process. Polarizations can act as switches to manipulate the interference process and may open the door to some new experimental schemes. The quantum optical vector model is also helpful to understand the physics of second-order interference when the light source is quantum.
In this paper, we study two-photon interference of broadband chaotic light in a Michelson interferometer with two-photon-absorption detector. The theoretical analysis is based on two-photon interference and Feynman path integral theory. The two-photon coherence matrix is introduced to calculate the second-order interference pattern with polarizations being taken into account. Our study shows that the polarization is another dimension, as well as time and space, to tune the interference pattern in the two-photon interference process. It can act as a switch to manipulate the interference process and open the gate to many new experimental schemes.
We measure the recently introduced electromagnetic temporal degree of coherence of a stationary, partially polarized, classical optical beam. Instead of recording the visibility of intensity fringes, the spectrum, or the polarization characteristics, we introduce a novel technique based on two-photon absorption. Using a Michelson interferometer equipped with polarizers and a specific GaAs photocount tube, we obtain the two fundamental quantities pertaining to the fluctuations of light: the degree of coherence and the degree of polarization. We also show that the electromagnetic intensity-correlation measurements with two-photon absorption require that the polarization dynamics, i.e., the time evolution of the instantaneous polarization state, is properly taken into account. We apply the technique to unpolarized and polarized sources of amplified spontaneous emission (Gaussian statistics) and to a superposition of two independent, narrow-band laser beams of different mid frequencies (non-Gaussian statistics). For these two sources femtosecond-range coherence times are found that are in good agreement with the traditional spectral measurements. Although previously employed for laser pulses, two-photon absorption provides a new physical principle to study electromagnetic coherence phenomena in classical and quantum continuous-wave light at extremely short time scales.
It has been shown that the femtosecond laser polarization modulation is a very simple and well-established method to control the multi-photon absorption process by the light–matter interaction. Previous studies mainly focused on the multi-photon absorption control in the weak field. In this paper, we further explore the polarization control behavior of multi-photon absorption process in the intermediate femtosecond laser field. In the weak femtosecond laser field, the second-order perturbation theory can well describe the non-resonant two-photon absorption process. However, the higher order nonlinear effect (e.g., four-photon absorption) can occur in the intermediate femtosecond laser field, and thus it is necessary to establish new theoretical model to describe the multi-photon absorption process, which includes the two-photon and four-photon transitions. Here, we construct a fourth-order perturbation theory to study the polarization control behavior of this multi-photon absorption under the intermediate femtosecond laser field excitation, and our theoretical results show that the two-photon and four-photon excitation pathways can induce a coherent interference, while the coherent interference is constructive or destructive that depends on the femtosecond laser center frequency. Moreover, the two-photon and four-photon transitions have the different polarization control efficiency, and the four-photon absorption can obtain the higher polarization control efficiency. Thus, the polarization control efficiency of the whole excitation process can be increased or decreased by properly designing the femtosecond laser field intensity and laser center frequency. These studies can provide a clear physical picture for understanding and controlling the multi-photon absorption process in the intermediate femtosecond laser field, and also can provide a theoretical guidance for the future experimental realization.