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arXiv:2108.09719

Theoretical analysis of a Polarized Two-Photon Michelson Interferometer with Broadband Chaotic Light

Y. Zhou, Luo, S., Jian Liu, H. Zheng, H. Chen, Yuxuan He, Y. Liu, F. Li, Zhenxing Xu

Published Aug 22, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, we study two-photon interference of broadband chaotic light in a Michelson interferometer with two-photon-absorption detector. The theoretical analysis is based on two-photon interference and Feynman path integral theory. The two-photon coherence matrix is introduced to calculate the second-order interference pattern with polarizations being taken into account. Our study shows that the polarization is another dimension, as well as time and space, to tune the interference pattern in the two-photon interference process. It can act as a switch to manipulate the interference process and open the gate to many new experimental schemes.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2108.09719

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In this paper, we study two-photon interference of broadband chaotic light in a Michelson interferometer with two-photon-absorption detector. The theoretical analysis is based on two-photon interference and Feynman path integral theory. The two-photon coherence matrix is introduced to calculate the second-order interference pattern with polarizations being taken into account. Our study shows that the polarization is another dimension, as well as time and space, to tune the interference pattern in the two-photon interference process. It can act as a switch to manipulate the interference process and open the gate to many new experimental schemes.
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It is challenging to observe the superbunching effect with true chaotic light. Here we propose and demonstrate a method to achieve the superbunching effect of ${g}^{(2)}(0)=2.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ with broadband stationary chaotic light based on a cascaded Michelson interferometer (CMI), exceeding the theoretical upper limit of 2 for the two-photon bunching effect of chaotic light. The superbunching correlation peak is measured with an ultrafast two-photon absorption detector whose full width at half-maximum reaches about 95 fs. Two-photon superbunching theory in a CMI is developed to interpret the effect and is in agreement with experimental results. The theory also predicts that the degree of second-order coherence can be much greater than 2 if chaotic light propagates NNN times in a CMI. Finally, a type of weak signal detection setup that employs broadband chaotic light circulating in a CMI is proposed. Theoretically, it can increase the detection sensitivity of weak signals 79 times after the chaotic light circulates 100 times in the CMI.
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A series of different combinations of polarizers are employed to manipulate different two-photon interference phenomena in an all physical way. Not only the second-order coherence function hidden in the two-photon absorption counting can be obtained, but also the disappeared interference pattern based on two-photon absorption detection can be recovered. In theory, polarization matrix and two-photon interference matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed experiment and theory may serve as tools on the research of vector coherent optics and have potential application in some fields, such as optical polarimetry, optical interferometer and optical polarization communication.